中国对美国直接投资的政治风险研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 12:40

本文选题：对外直接投资 + 政治风险　；参考：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国实施“走出去”战略以来,随着经济的快速发展和综合国力的提升,中国对美国的直接投资呈现迅猛增长的态势。然而,中国投资美国也面临着较高的政治风险。政治风险研究是对政治风险表现和影响因素的综合分析,本文首先总结了前人对政治风险的研究成果,并针对当今国际政治经济形势的发展特点,建立了一个政治风险的新分析框架。结合中国对美国直接投资的案例,借鉴前人对政治风险研究的既有成果和运用新分析框架对中国在美国投资的政治风险进行分析。中国在美国直接投资的政治风险主要有四类：国家安全审查风险、技术转移限制风险、投资保护主义风险、经济民族主义和社会不稳风险。中国投资美国面临政治风险的原因包括：国际体系层面,中美两国的结构性矛盾日益突出,特别是中美在生产结构中的竞争性质,主要表现为中美在全球能源市场的竞争格局；国家行为体层面,包括美国国内政治因素和经济因素的影响,美国政府的政治决策易受国会政治和利益集团的影响,导致对涉及国内同类领域外来投资的保护主义风险加大,国家安全审查也将趋于严格；美国国内经济复苏乏力导致国内保护主义进一步抬头、引发经济民族主义的高涨和社会不安定因素的增加；国家互动层面,中美两国对国家与市场关系的认知差异和中美经贸摩擦的扩大是形成我国对美国直接投资面临投资保护主义风险、技术转移限制风险和对国有企业的安全审查风险的重要原因。分析表明美国政治风险对我国投资美国的重点项目造成了严重负面影响,在国际、国内和国家互动三个层面的影响下,中国投资美国未来还将面临这些风险。文章认为,中国在美国直接投资政治风险的根源是由于我国国家主导型经济发展模式不同于西方自由市场资本主义发展模式,美国担忧中国企业,尤其是中国国有企业走出去会对美国的自由市场经济原则构成挑战,并进一步对美国掌控国际政治经济秩序主导权构成威胁,因此,美国为维护现有国际政治经济秩序主导权而对中国对美直接投资进行遏制。值得指出的是,中国对美国直接投资的政治风险背后凸显了我国体制和经济发展的固有弊病。海外投资对于促进我国企业内部改革、改进公司治理结构以及打造具备全球运营能力的跨国公司具有巨大的推动作用,因此对中国投资美国政治风险的研究在某种程度上为我国深化市场经济体制的改革,培育真正的跨国公司和提升我国的国际竞争力提供了一个契机。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the "going out" strategy, with the rapid development of economy and the promotion of comprehensive national strength, China's direct investment in the United States has shown a rapid growth trend. However, China's investment in the United States also faces a higher political risk. The study of political risk is a comprehensive analysis of the expression of political risk and the influencing factors. This paper first summarizes the previous research results on political risk, and aims at the development characteristics of the current international political and economic situation. A new analytical framework for political risks has been established. Combined with the case of China's direct investment in the United States, this paper analyzes the political risk of China's investment in the United States by referring to the existing achievements of the previous researches on political risk and using the new analytical framework to analyze the political risks of China's investment in the United States. There are four kinds of political risks for China's direct investment in the United States: national security review risk, technology transfer restriction risk, investment protectionism risk, economic nationalism risk and social instability risk. The reasons why China invests in the United States face political risks include: at the level of international system, the structural contradictions between China and the United States are becoming increasingly prominent, especially the competitive nature of China and the United States in the production structure, which is mainly manifested in the competitive pattern of China and the United States in the global energy market; At the level of national actors, including domestic political and economic factors in the United States, political decisions of the United States Government are vulnerable to Congressional political and interest groups, resulting in increased protectionist risks to foreign investment in similar areas of the country, The national security review will also become more stringent; the weak domestic economic recovery in the United States will lead to a further rise in domestic protectionism, which will lead to the upsurge of economic nationalism and an increase in social unrest; and the level of national interaction. The cognitive differences between China and the United States on the relationship between the state and the market and the expansion of Sino-US economic and trade frictions are the important reasons for China's direct investment in the United States to face the risk of investment protectionism, the risk of technology transfer restrictions and the risk of security review of state-owned enterprises. The analysis shows that the political risk of the United States has a serious negative impact on China's investment in key projects in the United States. Under the influence of international, domestic and national interaction, China's investment in the United States will also face these risks in the future. The article holds that the political risk of China's direct investment in the United States is rooted in the fact that China's state-led economic development model is different from that of western free-market capitalism, and the United States is worried about Chinese enterprises. In particular, the fact that Chinese state-owned enterprises go out will challenge the principles of the free market economy in the United States and further threaten the dominance of the international political and economic order by the United States. In order to maintain the dominant power of the existing international political and economic order, the United States curbs China's direct investment in the United States. It is worth pointing out that the political risk of China's direct investment in the United States highlights the inherent drawbacks of China's system and economic development. Overseas investment plays an important role in promoting the internal reform of Chinese enterprises, improving the corporate governance structure and building multinational corporations with global operational capabilities. Therefore, the study on the political risk of Chinese investment in the United States provides an opportunity for our country to deepen the reform of the market economy system, cultivate the real multinational corporations and enhance the international competitiveness of our country to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F125;F171.2

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