美国研究生教育发展与研究资助

发布时间：2018-05-25 21:42

本文选题：美国研究生教育 + 科学研究　；参考：《教育学术月刊》2015年05期

【摘要】：十九世纪中期,德国意义上的"研究"在美国发生了变化,美国的科学研究反对德国的为研究而研究的观念,从而使研究由追求纯粹的知识目标转化为专业化的活动,联邦政府和基金加大对其投入,研究生教育开始蓬勃发展,这个时期研究生教育发展与研究资助之间存在着相互依存关系。当代,由于受到政治经济及社会的影响,联邦政府减少对研究生的投入力度,研究生教育发展与研究资助之间呈现紧张关系,威胁着研究生教育的发展.很多大学采取了诸如寻求新的经费来源渠道,建立筹措经费的专业研究资金办公室及专设研究单位以获得研究资助等积极应对措施。分析美国研究生教育及研究资助之间的关系有利于反思我国研究资助与研究生教育所面临的问题,促使我国研究生教育的健康蓬勃发展。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the nineteenth century, "research" in the sense of Germany changed in the United States, where scientific research opposed the German concept of research for the sake of research, thus transforming research from the pursuit of pure knowledge into a specialized activity. The federal government and funds increased their investment, and graduate education began to flourish. In this period, there was a interdependence between graduate education development and research funding. Nowadays, due to the influence of politics, economy and society, the federal government reduces the investment of graduate students, and the relationship between the development of graduate education and research aid is tense, which threatens the development of graduate education. Many universities have taken active measures such as seeking new sources of funding, setting up specialized research fund offices and specialized research units to obtain research funding. The analysis of the relationship between graduate education and research aid in the United States is conducive to the reflection of the problems faced by research grants and graduate education in China, and to the healthy and vigorous development of graduate education in China.
【作者单位】：天津市教育科学研究院;
【基金】：天津市2013年度哲学社会科学规划课题“基于组织文化视角的大学章程建设创新研究”(TJJX13-036)成果之一
【分类号】：G649.712

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