环渤海地区地壳形变特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 15:26

本文选题：GPS + 水准数据　；参考：《中国测绘科学研究院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：环渤海地区主要由华北平原、燕山、鄂尔多斯、鲁东黄海等活动地块组成,是我国地学研究人员热衷的现代地壳运动研究区域,在我国政治、经济、文化领域具有举足轻重的地位。该区域新地质时代以来构造运动明显,在我国大陆属于地震灾害重灾区之一。该区内地质构造复杂,地壳形变信息丰富,获取高精度地壳形变信息可以为研究该地区地壳形变特征提供重要的基础信息。以GPS为代表的空间大地测量技术的发展,为研究该区域地壳形变特征提供了技术支撑。本文利用研究区2010年-2013年四期高精度GPS数据,两期国家水准数据对环渤海区域地壳水平、垂直形变进行研究分析,建立研究区的地壳运动、形变模型,并基于三角形法获取区域应变特征参数,从而准确描述区域形变、应变特征。本文主要结论如下：(1)基于全球框架和欧亚块体参考基准,获得了环渤海地区地壳水平运动速度场。结果表明：在ITRF2008框架下,环渤海地区地壳整体朝东南方向运动,体现了中国大陆在全球框架下整体向东南方向运动的状态,而相对于欧亚板块的环渤海地区整体运动趋势稳定,燕山地区速度量明显小于其他地区。(2)张家口-蓬莱活动构造带表现为左旋走滑运动,表现为南、北两个块体存在着相对的左旋运动。郯庐断裂带表现为分段式的走滑运动,其中山东渤海湾往北至辽宁的大部分段落显示为显著的右旋走滑,山东省境内断裂带两侧差异运动不明显,鲁中山区相对呈现快速的南向运动。(3)利用三角形法获得环渤海地区包括最大(最小)主应变、面膨胀和剪切应变等应变特征参数,通过分析可知,主应变、面膨胀、剪切应变高值区集中在辽宁南部渤海湾地区、河北中南部、山东西南部以及断裂带附近。通过比较环渤海地区剪切应变和面膨胀特征值的分布情况,结合该区域历史地震资料,发现中强地震一般发生在剪切应变、面膨胀高值区的边缘,并非高值区的中心位置。(4)华北平原北部的燕山地区整体呈现上升运动趋势,上升速度约为3mm/yr;河北平原整体表现为下降趋势,在区内的汉沽、天津、沧州形成了剧烈下沉区,最大下沉速度约为60mm/yr,形成近NE-SW走向的长条形沉陷区。主要原因在于地下水的过度开采。山东莱州湾西部和东营、菏泽、潍坊一带为相对下降区,鲁中、鲁南和胶东丘陵为上升区,山东北部的莱州湾南部、东部以及黄海沿岸表现为相对上升趋势,西部的黄河口附近呈现轻微的下降趋势。胶州半岛南部沿海区域基本为下降趋势。辽宁地区西部的辽东半岛为上升区,上升幅度约为1-2mm/yr。沈阳、下辽河近河口地区和辽西渤海沿岸为下沉区域,下降幅度约为2-3mm/yr,辽河口地区的下降速度最大约为8mm/yr。通过比较不同时期环渤海地区沉降区分布,可发现环渤海地区显著的沉降区基本不变,但沉降中心有向西南和向北迁移的趋势。
[Abstract]:The Bohai Rim area is mainly composed of the North China Plain, Yanshanian, Ordos, Huang Hai and other active blocks. It is a popular research area of modern crustal movement among geologists in China. It is a political and economic area in our country. The field of culture plays an important role. The tectonic movement in this area has been obvious since the new geological age, and it is one of the major earthquake disaster areas in mainland China. The geological structure in this area is complicated and the information of crustal deformation is abundant. Obtaining high precision information of crustal deformation can provide important basic information for studying the characteristics of crustal deformation in this area. The development of space geodesy, represented by GPS, provides technical support for the study of crustal deformation characteristics in the region. In this paper, four high precision GPS data from 2010 to 2013 and two national leveling data are used to study and analyze the horizontal and vertical crustal deformation around the Bohai Sea, and the crustal movement and deformation models in the study area are established. The regional strain characteristic parameters are obtained based on triangle method, and the regional deformation and strain characteristics can be accurately described. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) based on the global framework and the reference datum of Eurasian block, the horizontal crustal movement velocity field in Bohai Rim region is obtained. The results show that under the framework of ITRF2008, the crustal movement of the Bohai Rim region moves towards the southeast direction, which reflects the state of the whole movement of the Chinese mainland towards the southeast direction under the global framework, while the overall movement trend of the Bohai Rim region relative to the Eurasian plate is stable. The velocity of Yanshanian area is obviously smaller than that of other areas.) the Zhangjiakou-Penglai active tectonic belt is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip movement, which is characterized by the relative left-lateral movement in the south and north of the two blocks. The Tanlu fault zone shows a segmented strike-slip movement, in which most of the sections from Shandong to Liaoning show significant right-lateral strike-slip, while the difference between the two sides of the fault zone in Shandong Province is not obvious. The relative southward movement of the mountain area in the middle of Shandong Province shows a rapid southward movement. The triangular method is used to obtain the strain characteristic parameters including the maximum (minimum) principal strain, the surface expansion and the shear strain. The main strain, the surface expansion and so on are obtained by analyzing the main strain, the surface expansion, and so on. The high shear strain region is concentrated in the Bohai Bay area of southern Liaoning, central and southern Hebei, southwestern Shandong and the vicinity of the fault zone. By comparing the distribution of shear strain and surface expansion characteristic value around Bohai Sea and combining with the historical seismic data of the region, it is found that moderate strong earthquakes generally occur at the edge of shear strain and surface expansion high value region. The Yanshanian area in the northern part of the North China Plain shows an upward trend, with a rising speed of about 3mm / yr.The Hebei Plain as a whole shows a downward trend. In Hangu, Tianjin, and Cangzhou regions in the region, violent subsidence areas have been formed. The maximum subsidence velocity is about 60 mm / yr, forming a long subsidence area near NE-SW strike. The main reason lies in the overexploitation of groundwater. In the west of Laizhou Bay and Dongying, Heze and Weifang in Shandong Province, there is a relative decrease in the area, the rising area in Luzhong, Southern Shandong and Jiaodong hills, and the relative upward trend in the south of Laizhou Bay, the east of Laizhou Bay and the coast of Huang Hai in the north of Shandong Province. There is a slight downward trend near the Yellow River Estuary in the west. The coastal area in the south of Jiaozhou Peninsula is basically in a downward trend. The Liaodong Peninsula in the west of Liaoning Province is a rising area with a rise range of about 1-2 mm / yr. Shenyang, the lower Liaohe River near the estuary area and the Bohai Sea coast of western Liaoning are the subsidence areas, the decline range is about 2 ~ 3 mm / yr. the maximum speed of decline in the Liaohe Estuary is about 8 mm / yr. By comparing the distribution of subsidence areas around the Bohai Sea in different periods, it can be found that the significant subsidence areas around the Bohai Sea basically remain unchanged, but the settlement centers tend to migrate southwestward and northward.
【学位授予单位】：中国测绘科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P542

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