新记《大公报》对四大家族官僚资本的文本呈现及批判尺度（1937-1944）

发布时间：2018-06-18 13:17

本文选题：新记《大公报》 + 国民政府　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：新记《大公报》在中国近代报刊史上占有特殊的历史地位,报纸从续刊之始就以政论著称。抗战前后,张季鸾、吴鼎昌、胡政之组成的“三驾马车”更是将《大公报》的舆论引导作用推到高峰。时逢历史动荡,中国近代报刊有着自身经营的无奈以及艰难时期的挣扎,报人也有着自身前途的考虑和民族情感的寄托。报纸在战争、权力、利益交织的环境下的生存需求和报人的主观意识不可避免的影响着报纸的每一步前进。抗日战争爆发后,新记《大公报》以文章报国这一新闻思想为出发点,公开发表社评表示拥护蒋介石政府作为中国的“政治中心”,并通过报纸的宣传与舆论引导来增进其自身权威,督促其成为真正意义上的领导者,从而实现国家的民主独立、救民族于水火。新记《大公报》树立这一历史使命主要由于当时的中国社会急需一个强有力的政治权威来保障和推动国家统一、民族独立。出于各种原因,蒋介石领导的国民政府是当时新记《大公报》做出的唯一选择。经济力量是国民政府进行政治斗争与抗日的物质基础。这一时期,新记《大公报》在报纸定位、言论方向上皆根据时局的变动做出调整,将发展经济、增强国家实力作为解救民族的出路,在宣传上极力配合国民政府的经济政策,期望经济整顿能够带动国统区经济的振作,以经济实力强大政治力量,走上国家独立、民族振兴的道路。与此同时,以四大家族为首的官僚资本寄生于蒋介石的政权庇护,利用战时的契机,在政府发布的金融统制、增加关税、发行公债等一系列经济政策中寻找繁衍空间,化政策为敛财手段,破坏经济的正常运行,掠夺国民财富,逐渐发展成庞大的官僚资本体系。抗日战争爆发前后,主笔张季鸾的“国家中心论”对新记《大公报》在国民政府经济政策的舆论引导中产生了重大影响。而以蒋介石为首的四大家族官僚资本对政党权威的削弱和对国民经济的侵蚀让新记《大公报》处于一个既尴尬又为难的境地。笔者的正文分为三个部分。第一部分介绍新记《大公报》的三位报人与蒋介石之间的私人交往关系,并陈述新记《大公报》的政治立场从“骂蒋”到“拥蒋”的转变过程。在介绍新记《大公报》的发展状况中,笔者将重点放在论述新记《大公报》的“三驾马车”(吴鼎昌、胡政之、张季鸾)分别与四大家族之间存在的关系上,主要论述了吴鼎昌成为蒋介石政府幕僚的过程、胡政之在1945年申请20万官价外汇事件以及张季鸾与蒋介石的私人交往。通过以上三个方面来分析吴鼎昌个人的政治抱负和其把控《大公报》的经济命脉对《大公报》的经营理念和舆论导向有着怎样的影响；胡政之的办报思想在这期间受到怎样的冲击；以及张季鸾与蒋介石的私人交往对《大公报》的价值取向和言论有着怎样的把握。在以上基础上简述抗战前后,新记《大公报》从“骂蒋”到“拥蒋”的政治立场转变。第二部分交代四大家族官僚资本发展膨胀的经济手段,并分析其与国民政府经济政策的多重契合。这一部分论述了新记《大公报》在当时的政治、经济、战争的背景下对国民政府经济政策的宣传,而经济政策的宣传则间接为四大家族官僚资本的发展营造了有利的舆论氛围。笔者梳理了四大家族官僚资本发展膨胀的经济手段,包括金融垄断、税收与币制改革及商业垄断三个方面,通过交代官僚资本滋生蔓延的政权支配经济的社会背景,来分析新记《大公报》的办报处境以及舆论导向。以现有的文本材料为依据,笔者从“金融政策”、“税收”、“公债”、“通货膨胀”以及“商业投机事件”几个方面列举分析新记《大公报》的评论文本,试图分析新记《大公报》经济评论的动员作用与官僚资本的发展有着怎样的关系。第三部分总结了新记《大公报》在其经济政策的宣传中,对国民政府的财政建设发挥了怎样的舆论功能,揭示了其言论透露的对官僚资本的态度以及背后的政治立场。笔者在前三章的论述基础上总结了新记《大公报》对国民政府经济政策的宣传方向,分析其舆论引导源自于怎样的政治立场,通过新记《大公报》对官僚资本的评论分析,探讨近代报刊的经济舆论引导功能,同时揭示新记《大公报》在抗日战争的背景下,对官僚资本姑息隐忍的态度所体现的政治根源与国家意识。面对政权与资本相勾结,新记《大公报》选择以大局为重、以抗敌为先,倡导国家中心论,为国民政府的经济建设不遗余力的作着宣传。笔者主要探讨新记《大公报》在宣传政府的经济政策过程中所透露的对四大家族官僚资本的姑息隐忍态度,并分析其间接为官僚资本营造有利的舆论氛围背后,体现出了怎样的民族精神和国家意识。
[Abstract]:The new record < Da Gong Bao > in the history of modern Chinese newspapers and periodicals occupies a special historical position. Newspapers are famous for political theory at the beginning of the continued publication. Before and after the war of resistance, Zhang Ji Luan, Wu Dingchang and Hu Zhengzhi made the "three carriages" of the "grand public newspaper" to the peak. As well as the struggle in the difficult period, the newspaper people also have their own future consideration and the support of the national emotion. The newspaper's survival demand and the subjective consciousness of the newspaper in the environment of war, power and interest intertwined inevitably affect every step of the newspaper. After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the new record < Da Gong Bao > the news thought of the article to the state for the country At the starting point, the public comment on the social comment expressed the support of the Jiang Jieshi administration as the "political center" of China, and promoted its own authority through the propaganda and public opinion guidance of the newspaper, and urged it to become a true leader, thus realizing the Democratic independence of the country and saving the nation from the water fire. At that time, Chinese society was in urgent need of a strong political authority to guarantee and promote national unity and national independence. For a variety of reasons, the national government led by Jiang Jieshi was the only choice made at that time. The economic force was the material basis of the political struggle and resistance against Japan by the national government. In the direction of newspapers, the newspaper has made adjustments according to the changes in the current situation. It will develop the economy and strengthen the national strength as the way out for the rescue of the nation. In the propaganda, it will cooperate with the national government's economic policy. It is expected that the economic consolidation can drive the economy of the national government and take the national independence and the people with the powerful political power. At the same time, the bureaucratic capital, headed by the four families, parasitized by the political power of Jiang Jieshi, using the opportunity of the wartime, to find the breeding space in a series of economic policies, such as the government issued by the government, the increase of tariffs, the issuance of public debt, and the means of collecting money, destroying the normal operation of the economy and plundering the national wealth. Gradually developing into a huge bureaucratic capital system. Before and after the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japan, the "national centrism" of the master Zhang Luan had a great influence on the guidance of the public opinion of the new record < Da Gong Bao > in the national government's economic policy. The weakening of the authority of the party and the erosion of the national economy by the four bureaucratic capitals led by Jiang Jieshi were new to the national economy. The Ta Kung Pao is in an awkward and embarrassing situation.
The main body of the author is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the private relations between the three journalists and Jiang Jieshi, and states the transformation process of the political position of the new record < Dagong Bao > from "scolding Chiang" to "Chiang Kai Shek". The relationship between "three carriages" (Wu Dingchang, Hu government, Zhang Jiluan) and the four families, respectively, discussed Wu Dingchang's process of becoming a Jiang Jieshi government staff member. Hu Zhengzhi applied for the 200 thousand official price of foreign exchange in 1945 and the private contacts between Zhang Luan and Jiang Jieshi. Through the above three aspects, it analyzed Wu Dingchang individual. What is the impact of the political aspirations and the economic lifeline of the grand Kung Pao on the business philosophy and public opinion orientation of the grand Kung Pao; how Hu Zhengzhi's thought of running the newspaper has been affected during this period; and how the personal contacts between Zhang Ji Luan and Jiang Jieshi have a good grasp of the value orientation and speech of the grand Kung Pao. The second part explains the economic means of the expansion of the bureaucratic capital development of the four big families, and analyzes the multiple agreement with the national government's economic policy. This part discusses the new record < Da Gong Bao > in the political, economic and war background of the time. The propaganda of the national government's economic policy and the propaganda of the economic policy create a favorable atmosphere for the development of the four big family bureaucrat capital. The author combs the economic means of the expansion of the four big family bureaucrats' capital development, including financial monopoly, tax and currency reform and commercial monopoly, by replacing bureaucratic capital in three aspects. On the basis of the existing text materials, the author analyses the text of the commentary on the new "Dagong newspaper" from several aspects of "financial policy", "tax", "public debt", "inflation" and "commercial speculation", based on the existing text materials. This paper tries to analyze the relationship between the mobilization role of the new record < grand Kung Pao > Economic Review and the development of bureaucratic capital. The third part sums up what the public opinion function has been exerting on the national government's financial construction in the publicity of the new note, "Dagong Bao" in its economic policy, and reveals the attitude to bureaucratic capital revealed by his comments and behind it. On the basis of the discussion of the first three chapters, the author summarizes the direction of the new record < dgong Bao > to the economic policy of the national government, analyzes the political position that its public opinion leads to, and through the review and analysis of the new record < Da Gong Bao > on the bureaucratic capital, probes into the guiding function of the modern press, and reveals the new record < Da Gong Bao > Against the backdrop of the war of resistance against Japan, the political roots and national consciousness of the bureaucratic capital's tolerance and tolerance attitude.
In the face of the collusion between the government and the capital, the new record < grand Kung Pao > is the priority of the overall situation. In order to resist the enemy as the first, it advocates the national centrism and makes no effort to spare no effort for the economic construction of the national government. The author mainly discusses the appeasement of the four big family bureaucrat capital in the new record < Dagong Bao > in the process of publicizing the government's economic policy It also analyzes what kind of national spirit and national consciousness it embodies behind creating a favorable public opinion indirectly for bureaucrat capital.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G219.29

【参考文献】