河南省土地生态安全评价
发布时间：2018-08-02 10:48
【摘要】：健康稳定的土地生态功能是维系经济安全、社会稳定的关键,它不仅关系到国家的政治、经济、国防以及人民的生存安全,同时也关系到一个区域整体生态环境的可持续发展。河南是我国的农业大省,近年来因其经济的快速发展,使得土地生态安全存在的问题日益突出。解决土地面临生态安全问题,遏制生态环境恶化,合理有效利用资源,已经成为世界各地备受关注和亟需解决的重大问题。 本文以河南18市为研究单元,依据生态学、生态安全、可持续发展、系统学、生态系统健康等理论,运用DPSIR模型构建土地生态安全评价指标体系,利用综合指数模型测算各地市2006、2008、2011年的土地生态安全状况。通过对比分析十八市土地生态安全水平的变化情况,结合城市土地生态安全空间格局分析、主成分分析以及协调性分析的结果,针对性的提出十八个市土地生态安全存在的问题及调控措施。研究的主要内容和成果如下： (1)各市土地生态安全评价指标体系构建。基于对土地生态安全概念、指标构建原则充分理解的基础上,运用D-P-S-I-R模型构建包含驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应5大系统共24个指标评价指标体系。该指标体系包含目标层、准则层和指标层。目标层为土地生态安全综合值,准则层为制约河南省土地生态安全的主要因素,指标层则由可直接度量或者间接获得的指标构成,是河南综合评价指标体系中最基本的指标。 (2)河南省土地生态安全评价研究。利用综合指数模型计算18个市土地生态安全综合值,将土地生态安全等级分为5个等别。结果表明：整体上看全省2011年相较2006年土地生态安全状况有较大改善。2006年各市土地生态安全综合值在0.65范围内上下波动,其中郑州、信阳、许昌的土地生态安全水平处于良好级,约占河南省土地总面积的18.97%。2008年各市土地生态安全综合值在0.70范围内上下波动,其中开封、信阳、新乡、焦作、许昌的土地生态安全水平处于良好级,约占河南省土地总面积的32.83%。2011年各市土地生态安全综合值在0.70范围内上下波动只有洛阳、南阳、商丘、济源的土地生态安全等级处于敏感级,其它市处于良好级,约占河南省土地总面积的67.19%。 (3)河南各市土地生态安全对策研究。对河南18个城市土地生态安全影响因子分析、主成分分析、协调性分析。协调性分析的结果表明土地生态安全水平与协调度系数值有一定的相关性,洛阳、新乡、南阳、信阳、周口市的协调度系数值这三年一直处于下降的态势,预示着将来土地生态安全可能出现恶化的态势,这对指导区域土地生态安全调控具有一定的预测、预警作用。针对各市土地生态安全状况提出了合理化的建议和对策,如加快调整城市工业布局和产业结构,提高河南省各城市的城市化水平,控制人口增长,减少环境污染,控制工业三废和减少农药化肥的施用量,建立土地生态安全监测评价及预警体系、加强生态安全管理。 河南土地生态安全的评价及研究不仅关系到国家战略安全,同时也关系到中原地区的兴衰,本研究有助于人们深入了解土地生态安全现状及困境,为河南省优化土地利用结构、建设生态安全格局、协调土地生态安全和经济发展关系具有重要的理论价值和现实指导意义。同时,土地生态安全评价是设计土地利用优化方案、建设生态安全格局,解决生态安全存在问题的前提和基础。
[Abstract]:The healthy and stable ecological function of land is the key to maintaining economic security and social stability. It is not only related to the country's political, economic, national defense and the people's survival safety, but also related to the sustainable development of a regional overall ecological environment. Henan is a big agricultural province in China. In recent years, due to its rapid economic development, land has been made to land. The problem of ecological security is becoming more and more serious. To solve the problem of ecological security, to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment and to use the resources reasonably and effectively has become a major issue of concern and urgent need to be solved in all parts of the world.
Based on the theory of ecology, ecological security, sustainable development, systematics and ecosystem health, this paper uses the 18 cities in Henan as the research unit, constructs the evaluation index system of land ecological security by using the DPSIR model, and uses the comprehensive index model to calculate the soil ecological security status of 200620082011 years in all cities and cities. By comparing and analyzing the eighteen city land students. The changes in the level of state security, combined with the analysis of the spatial pattern of urban land ecological security, the analysis of principal components and the results of coordination analysis, put forward the problems and control measures of the ecological security of the eighteen cities. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:
(1) construction of the evaluation index system of urban land ecological security. Based on the full understanding of the concept of land ecological security and the principle of index construction, the D-P-S-I-R model is used to construct the 24 index system including the driving force, pressure, state and influence. The index system includes the target layer, the standard layer and the index layer. The standard layer is the comprehensive value of ecological security of land. The standard layer is the main factor restricting the ecological safety of land in Henan province. The index layer is made up of the indexes which can be directly measured or indirectly obtained. It is the most basic index in the comprehensive evaluation index system of Henan.
(2) the land ecological security evaluation study in Henan province. The comprehensive index model is used to calculate the comprehensive value of land ecological security in 18 cities, and the ecological safety grade of land is divided into 5 equal differences. The results show that the whole province in 2011 compared with 2006 land ecological security situation has greatly improved the comprehensive value of land ecological security in the 0.65 range of the cities in.2006 years. The land ecological security level in Zhengzhou, Xinyang and Xuchang is in good grade. The comprehensive value of land ecological security in all cities of Henan province in 18.97%.2008 year is fluctuating in the 0.70 range. The ecological security level of Kaifeng, Xinyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and Xuchang is in good grade, which accounts for the land of Henan province. In the total area of 32.83%.2011, the comprehensive land ecological security value of all cities in the 0.70 range fluctuated in the 0.70 range. Only Luoyang, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Jiyuan were in the sensitive grade of land ecological security level, and the other cities were in good grade, accounting for 67.19%. of the total land area of Henan Province.
(3) research on the Countermeasures of land ecological security in Henan. Analysis of the factors of land ecological security in 18 cities of Henan, principal component analysis and coordination analysis. The results of coordination analysis show that the level of land ecological security is related to the coordination degree, and the coordination degree of Luoyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang, Xinyang and Zhoukou in three years It has been in a downward trend, indicating that the ecological security of land may be deteriorated in the future, which has a certain prediction and early warning effect on the regulation of land ecological security in the region. Some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to improve the urban industrial layout and industrial structure and improve the river. The urbanization level of various cities in southern province, control population growth, reduce environmental pollution, control industrial three wastes and reduce the application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, establish land ecological safety monitoring and evaluation and early warning system, and strengthen the management of ecological security.
The evaluation and study of land ecological security in Henan not only relates to the national strategic security, but also to the rise and fall of the Central Plains. This study will help people to understand the status and difficulties of the ecological security of land, to optimize the structure of land use in Henan, to build an ecological security pattern, to coordinate the relationship between land ecological security and economic development. At the same time, the evaluation of land ecological security is the prerequisite and foundation for the design of land use optimization, the construction of ecological security pattern, and the solution of the problems of ecological security.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X826;F301
本文编号：2159186
[Abstract]:The healthy and stable ecological function of land is the key to maintaining economic security and social stability. It is not only related to the country's political, economic, national defense and the people's survival safety, but also related to the sustainable development of a regional overall ecological environment. Henan is a big agricultural province in China. In recent years, due to its rapid economic development, land has been made to land. The problem of ecological security is becoming more and more serious. To solve the problem of ecological security, to curb the deterioration of the ecological environment and to use the resources reasonably and effectively has become a major issue of concern and urgent need to be solved in all parts of the world.
Based on the theory of ecology, ecological security, sustainable development, systematics and ecosystem health, this paper uses the 18 cities in Henan as the research unit, constructs the evaluation index system of land ecological security by using the DPSIR model, and uses the comprehensive index model to calculate the soil ecological security status of 200620082011 years in all cities and cities. By comparing and analyzing the eighteen city land students. The changes in the level of state security, combined with the analysis of the spatial pattern of urban land ecological security, the analysis of principal components and the results of coordination analysis, put forward the problems and control measures of the ecological security of the eighteen cities. The main contents and results of the study are as follows:
(1) construction of the evaluation index system of urban land ecological security. Based on the full understanding of the concept of land ecological security and the principle of index construction, the D-P-S-I-R model is used to construct the 24 index system including the driving force, pressure, state and influence. The index system includes the target layer, the standard layer and the index layer. The standard layer is the comprehensive value of ecological security of land. The standard layer is the main factor restricting the ecological safety of land in Henan province. The index layer is made up of the indexes which can be directly measured or indirectly obtained. It is the most basic index in the comprehensive evaluation index system of Henan.
(2) the land ecological security evaluation study in Henan province. The comprehensive index model is used to calculate the comprehensive value of land ecological security in 18 cities, and the ecological safety grade of land is divided into 5 equal differences. The results show that the whole province in 2011 compared with 2006 land ecological security situation has greatly improved the comprehensive value of land ecological security in the 0.65 range of the cities in.2006 years. The land ecological security level in Zhengzhou, Xinyang and Xuchang is in good grade. The comprehensive value of land ecological security in all cities of Henan province in 18.97%.2008 year is fluctuating in the 0.70 range. The ecological security level of Kaifeng, Xinyang, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo and Xuchang is in good grade, which accounts for the land of Henan province. In the total area of 32.83%.2011, the comprehensive land ecological security value of all cities in the 0.70 range fluctuated in the 0.70 range. Only Luoyang, Nanyang, Shangqiu and Jiyuan were in the sensitive grade of land ecological security level, and the other cities were in good grade, accounting for 67.19%. of the total land area of Henan Province.
(3) research on the Countermeasures of land ecological security in Henan. Analysis of the factors of land ecological security in 18 cities of Henan, principal component analysis and coordination analysis. The results of coordination analysis show that the level of land ecological security is related to the coordination degree, and the coordination degree of Luoyang, Xinxiang, Nanyang, Xinyang and Zhoukou in three years It has been in a downward trend, indicating that the ecological security of land may be deteriorated in the future, which has a certain prediction and early warning effect on the regulation of land ecological security in the region. Some suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to improve the urban industrial layout and industrial structure and improve the river. The urbanization level of various cities in southern province, control population growth, reduce environmental pollution, control industrial three wastes and reduce the application of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, establish land ecological safety monitoring and evaluation and early warning system, and strengthen the management of ecological security.
The evaluation and study of land ecological security in Henan not only relates to the national strategic security, but also to the rise and fall of the Central Plains. This study will help people to understand the status and difficulties of the ecological security of land, to optimize the structure of land use in Henan, to build an ecological security pattern, to coordinate the relationship between land ecological security and economic development. At the same time, the evaluation of land ecological security is the prerequisite and foundation for the design of land use optimization, the construction of ecological security pattern, and the solution of the problems of ecological security.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X826;F301
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