北京宣南地区会馆建筑研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 21:06

【摘要】：北京宣南地区，是指北京城宣武门以南的区域。这里历史悠久，曾为古蓟城、唐幽州、金中都、元大都的城址所在，历史遗存丰富，自古就吸引了很多的文人雅士在此结集燕游。清代实行满汉分住政策以后，很多的汉官选择将宅邸建在宣南区域。同时，作为从南部陆路进京的必经之地，很多的科举考生、各地进京述职或待职的官员均聚集于此，宣南地区慢慢发展成为一个士人聚居区。在这里发展起来的宣南文化，集通俗、儒雅于一身，也是北京历史文化的一个重要组成部分。昔日，宣南地区有着众多的会馆建筑，见证了很多著名的历史事件，大批的历史人物曾居住在此，对历代北京的政治、经济、文化等发展，都起到了积极的推动作用，其历史地位不容轻视。本文以宣南地区的文化为背景，以宣南地区的会馆建筑为研究对象，对其建筑的选址、规划、布局、形制、装饰艺术等方面进行分析，从而探求会馆建筑对宣南地区乃至北京的城市变迁中所起的作用，评判会馆建筑遗存的保存价值，并提出保护与再利用的建议，希望能够为有关人士提供宣南地区会馆研究与保护的资料参考。本文的第一章为绪论部分。首先提出本文研究的背景、目的以及相关领域的研究现状。之后，明确了本文的研究对象和范围。最后，提出具体的研究方法和研究框架。第二章对会馆建筑以及北京的宣南地区分别进行了概述。主要介绍了会馆的概念、产生和分类，北京宣南地区的范围、历史变迁等。第三章从规划到建筑层面，对北京宣南地区的会馆建筑进行了详细的研究。首先介绍了宣南地区会馆的产生与分布。随后，从规划层面的街巷特征到建筑层面的院落走向、院落布局、单体建筑功能、形制、装饰等方面进行了详尽的分析。最后，从内部功能空间、建筑等级和地方手法三个方面，对宣南地区会馆建筑的总体特点进行了总结。论文的第四章主要介绍了宣南地区会馆建筑的现状。通过实地调研，对现存会馆建筑的数量进行了大概的统计，总结了现存会馆的分布特点，并描述了其现存状况。提出当前会馆建筑的保护工作所面临的问题。本章的最后，对宣南地区会馆建筑的各方面价值进行了评判，并就这些价值，提出了保护与再利用建议。第五章就北京安徽会馆的保护与再利用进行了探讨。安徽会馆是由李鸿章倡议兴建的一座大型的官僚会馆，同时还见证了近代很多历史事件的发生，具有极其重要的历史文化价值。本章节对安徽会馆的现状进行了描述，对当前的问题进行了分析。在文章的最后，，提出了保护与再利用的概念设计方案。
[Abstract]:Beijing Xuanan area, refers to the area to the south of Xuanwu Men, Beijing City. This place has a long history, once for the ancient thrips, Tang Yuzhou, Jinzhong du, Yuan Dadu, the site of the city, rich in historical relics, since ancient times attracted a lot of literati in this gathering Yan tour. After the Manchu-Han policy in Qing Dynasty, many Han officials chose to build the residence in Xuannan area. At the same time, as a necessary place to enter Beijing by land from the south, many imperial examinees and officials from all over the country gathered here, and Xuannan region slowly developed into a concentrated area of scholars. The Xuanan culture developed here is popular and elegant, and is an important part of Beijing's history and culture. In the past, the Xuannan region had numerous assembly buildings, witnessed many famous historical events, and a large number of historical figures lived here, which played a positive role in promoting the political, economic, cultural and other development of Beijing in successive dynasties. Its historical status should not be belittled. This paper takes the culture of Xuannan area as the background, takes the clubhouse building of Xuannan area as the research object, and analyzes the location, planning, layout, shape and decorative art of the building. In order to explore the role of the museum building in Xuannan area and even the urban changes in Beijing, judge the preservation value of the museum building, and put forward some suggestions for protection and reuse. Hope to provide relevant people with Xuan Nan District Guild Research and Protection materials reference. The first chapter is the introduction. Firstly, the background, purpose and research status of this paper are put forward. After that, the research object and scope of this paper are clarified. Finally, the specific research methods and research framework are put forward. The second chapter summarizes the building and Xuannan area of Beijing. This paper mainly introduces the concept, origin and classification of guild hall, the scope and historical change of Xuannan area in Beijing. The third chapter studies the clubhouse architecture in Xuanan area of Beijing from planning to architecture level. First of all, it introduces the emergence and distribution of Xuannan Regional Guild Hall. Then, from the planning level of street characteristics to architectural level of the courtyard direction, yard layout, single building function, shape, decoration and other aspects of the detailed analysis. Finally, from three aspects of internal functional space, architectural grade and local techniques, the general characteristics of Xuannan regional assembly building are summarized. The fourth chapter mainly introduces the present situation of Xuannan Regional Guild Building. Through field investigation, this paper makes a general statistic on the number of existing clubhouse buildings, summarizes the distribution characteristics of existing guild halls, and describes the existing situation. This paper puts forward the problems faced by the protection work of the present clubhouse building. At the end of this chapter, the value of Xuannan Regional Guild Building is evaluated, and suggestions for protection and reuse are put forward. The fifth chapter discusses the protection and reuse of Beijing Anhui guild hall. Anhui Guild Hall is a large bureaucratic clubhouse initiated by Li Hongzhang. At the same time, it has witnessed the occurrence of many historical events in modern times and has extremely important historical and cultural value. This chapter describes the current situation of Anhui Huiguan, and analyzes the current problems. At the end of the paper, the conceptual design of protection and reuse is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TU242;TU-87

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