后藤新平与台湾警保体制的建立述论（1898-1906）

发布时间：2018-09-10 12:28

【摘要】：日据初期,面对全岛激烈的武装反日斗争运动,台湾总督府统治不力,日本对台殖民统治陷入危机,“卖台”之议盛行。后藤新平就任台湾总督府民政长官后,在台湾建立了完善的警保体制,稳定了台湾的社会秩序,也为日本的殖民统治奠定了基础。本文搜集了亚洲历史资料中心的国立公文书馆、外务省外交史料馆、防卫省防卫研究所的相关档案,查阅了台湾总督府公文类纂的相关资料,通过文献分析和跨学科的研究方法,介绍了后藤新平的主要经历和统治原理,分析了后藤新平的权力来源,再现了其在台湾建立警保体制的过程,概括了警保体制的主要内容,评析了警保体制的建立对日本在台湾殖民统治的作用与效果。本文第一部分介绍了后藤新平担任台湾总督府民政长官前的主要生平,探讨对其产生深刻影响的经历。叙述了后藤新平成为台湾殖民地的实际掌权者的过程和原因,从法理、制度、个人因素等方面分析了后藤治台的权力来源。还对后藤新平政治理念的形成过程,以及他执政的指导思想——“生物学统治法”进行了详细的介绍。后藤新平在“生物学统治法”的指导下,主张采用不同于其他国家的殖民政策,推行适合台湾当地的殖民政策。他倡导在台湾开展大规模的“旧惯”调查,通过这些调查掌握台湾的风土民俗,从而制定因地制宜的殖民政策,警保体制就是在这样的基础上建立起来的。第二部分论述了后藤新平主导建立的台湾警察政治,首先对日据初期台湾警察的沿革进行了论述,其次从制度建立、警察任用、警察职权等方面对后藤新平时期台湾的警察政治进行了梳理,最后从正反两方面评价了台湾的警察政治。后藤新平从日本内地调遣大量的警察赴台,企图在台湾建立警察政治,打造“警察王国”。他通过对地方行政和官制的改革,将警察渗透到行政系统的各个角落,使警察成为台湾行政的直接实践者。同时,后藤扩大警察的规模,提升警察的质量,从而强化警察力量,最大限度地发挥警察政治的效能。第三部分论述了后藤新平在台湾建立的保甲制度,首先追溯了台湾保甲制度的历史起源,其次从制度建立、组织构架、保甲会议、保甲壮丁团、地方士绅的作用等角度分析了后藤新平在台湾建立的保甲制度,最后从多角度对后藤的保甲制度进行了评价。后藤新平通过完善的保甲组织架构,将台湾人圈定在保甲组织中,并且在警察的监督和指导下,组织保甲会议,建立保甲壮丁团,使台湾人相互监督和监视。此外,后藤还利用地方士绅,通过他们为殖民政策建言献策,保证整个制度的运作。第四部分从政治、经济、社会以及对后藤本人的影响等方面,评估了警保体制的实施效果及影响。后藤新平将警察政治和保甲制度相结合,渗透到台湾的社会基层,掌控地方行政,建立起严密的警保体制,这对于稳定台湾殖民地的统治秩序,巩固日本的殖民利益起到了积极的作用。殖民者利用警保体制,命令台湾人投入到资源开发和公共建设中,为攫取台湾的资源、扶持日本本国经济奠定了基础,客观上也促进了台湾的发展。但是,警保体制强化了台湾的社会分层,凸显了台湾的社会矛盾,为后来的殖民统治埋下了隐患。无论如何,警保体制成为了后藤新平的一大政绩,对稳定日本的殖民统治功不可没,这对他本人后来的发展也起到了积极的作用。警保体制奠定了日本在台殖民统治的基础,对于维护日本的殖民统治意义重大。但是这一体制为台湾人民带来了深切的痛苦和灾难,使其丧失了为人的自主性,在台湾的历史上造成了不能磨灭的裂痕。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the Japanese occupation, faced with the fierce armed anti-Japanese struggle on the island, Taiwan's Governor's Palace was not well governed, and Japan's colonial rule to Taiwan was in crisis. After taking office as Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan's Governor's Palace, Suito Xinping established a perfect police protection system in Taiwan, stabilized Taiwan's social order and laid a foundation for Japan's colonial rule. This paper collects the archives of the National Archives of the Asian History Information Center, the Foreign Ministry's Foreign Affairs History Archives and the Defense Research Institute of the Ministry of Defence, consults the relevant documents compiled by Taiwan's Governor's Office, introduces the main experiences and ruling principles of Suito Shinping through literature analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, and analyzes them. The power source of Hiromoto Suito reproduces the process of establishing the police security system in Taiwan, summarizes the main contents of the police security system, and evaluates the effect of the establishment of the police security system on the colonial rule of Japan in Taiwan. The first part of this paper introduces the main life of Hiromoto Suito before he assumed the post of Chief Civil Affairs Officer of Taiwan Governor-General, and discusses his production. This paper describes the process and reason why Hiroyuki Suito became the actual ruler of Taiwan's colonies, analyzes the power source of Hiroyuki Suito from the aspects of jurisprudence, system, and personal factors, and elaborates on the formation process of Hiroyuki Suito's political ideas and his ruling guiding ideology - "Biological Ruling Law". Under the guidance of the Biological Rule Law, Koto Shinping advocates adopting different colonial policies from those of other countries and pursuing colonial policies suitable for Taiwan. He advocates conducting large-scale "old habits" surveys in Taiwan, through which he can grasp Taiwan's local customs and customs, and thus formulate colonial policies according to local conditions. The second part discusses the police politics of Taiwan established under the leadership of Suito Xinping. Firstly, the evolution of Taiwan's police in the early days of the Japanese occupation is discussed. Secondly, the police politics of Taiwan in Suito Xinping's peacetime is sorted out from the aspects of system establishment, police appointment and police authority. This paper evaluates Taiwan's police politics from both positive and negative perspectives.Suito Xinping dispatched a large number of police officers from the mainland of Japan to Taiwan in an attempt to establish police politics and build a "police kingdom" in Taiwan.He penetrated the police into all corners of the administrative system through the reform of local administration and bureaucracy and made the police become the direct practitioners of Taiwan's administration. At the same time, Kondo enlarges the scale of the police, improves the quality of the police, strengthens the police force, and maximizes the effectiveness of police politics. The third part discusses the system of Baojia established by Kondo Xinping in Taiwan. First, it traces the historical origin of the system of Baojia in Taiwan. Secondly, from the establishment of the system, organizational framework, Baojia conference, Baojia Zhuang Ding. The regiment and the role of local gentry analyzed the Baojia system established by Suito Xinping in Taiwan, and finally evaluated the Baojia system of Suito from various angles. In addition, the local gentry were used to advise and advise the colonial policy to ensure the operation of the whole system. The fourth part assessed the implementation effect and influence of the police protection system from the political, economic, social and personal aspects. The combination of the A-system penetrated the grass-roots level of Taiwan society, controlled local administration and established a strict police protection system, which played a positive role in stabilizing the ruling order of the Taiwan colonies and consolidating the colonial interests of Japan. However, the police security system strengthened Taiwan's social stratification, highlighted Taiwan's social contradictions, and laid a hidden danger for the later colonial rule. In any case, the police security system became a major achievement of Hirohito Suito, and helped stabilize Japan's colonial rule. The police protection system laid the foundation for Japan's colonial rule in Taiwan and was of great significance to the maintenance of Japan's colonial rule. However, this system brought deep pain and disaster to the people of Taiwan, and made them lose their autonomy as human beings and made them in the history of Taiwan. It has become an indelible crack.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K252

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