论创伤体验与张爱玲的小说创作

发布时间：2018-12-06 14:20

【摘要】：创伤体验作为文艺心理学的研究对象，与作家的文学创作之间存在密切复杂的联系，因而成为探究作家的创作动机和作品表现的重要线索。从创伤角度对作家作品进行解读，能够将作者的生平经历、精神发展、思维逻辑与其作品创作紧密地联系在一起。作家的生命体验与文学创作有着本与末的联系，而创伤性的生命体验对作家的生命感悟和文学创作更是有着深重的难以磨灭的影响，甚至可以成为文学创作的最初动机。从创伤体验的角度对张爱玲的小说进行研究，能够最近距离地理解张爱玲小说创作动机的来源、思想主题的成因、人物形象塑造的现实观照等。首先，家族对族人的社会关系、政治经济权利和思想文化都有奠基性的作用。张爱玲的童年时期正是其家族由辉煌转向衰落的转折期，带给张爱玲物质生活乃至精神世界的震荡，这让她思索环境巨变给个体精神带来的创伤。家族的由盛而衰对族里每个成员的物质和精神生活产生重大影响，张爱玲用笔描绘出生活巨变带来的人格畸变，这些经典的形象也为成就张爱玲做出重要贡献。其次，，二十世纪三四十年代女性解放及女权运动进行得如火如荼，但是张爱玲却没有受到时代潮流的冲刷，在文学作品中经常流露出对金钱的喜爱。从心理学角度分析，这和家庭遭受变故以致生活发生重大改变有关，在金钱失衡的生活里她选择拜金主义聊以自慰，这也正是创伤应激的反映。金钱带来的创伤体验让张爱玲反思生活永恒的支柱，这种生活体验让她在艺术世界里尽写金钱带来的人情冷漠，同时寻找抚慰精神创伤的良药。再次，父母对儿童的忽视和关心不够，会导致儿童的亲情缺失进而演变成一种精神创伤，张爱玲在其小说创作中尽情描述恶母形象丑父形象，一方面暗含对父母的怨恨，另一方面也暗示着她对亲情的渴望和向往。最后，反讽具有很强的艺术塑造能力，其核心质素是否定和颠覆。张爱玲使用言语反讽、情景反讽、戏剧反讽对故事中的人和事进行嘲弄或者怜悯。反讽否定的颠覆的东西都在读者阅读的过程中挖掘并扩展起来。历经劫难的张爱玲对生活、生命有了深刻理解，她在文学创作中频繁使用反讽手法，正是因为领悟到群体生活生命的永恒和个体生活生命的无常，她用反讽艺术手法审视混乱的世界，同时对生命生活的本质投去无限的人文关怀。
[Abstract]:As the object of study of literary psychology, trauma experience has a close and complicated relationship with the writer's literary creation, so it has become an important clue to explore the writer's creative motivation and the expression of his works. The author's life experience, spiritual development, thinking logic and creation of his works can be closely linked with the interpretation of his works from the perspective of trauma. The writer's life experience and literary creation have the relation between the original and the end, and the traumatic life experience has a profound and indelible influence on the writer's life perception and literary creation, and can even become the initial motive of literary creation. By studying Zhang Ailing's novels from the perspective of traumatic experience, we can understand the source of the motive, the cause of the thought theme, the realistic reflection of the portrayal of the characters and so on. First of all, the family plays a fundamental role in social relations, political and economic rights and ideological and cultural. Zhang Ailing's childhood was the turning period of her family from brilliance to decline, which brought the shock of the material life and even the spiritual world to Zhang Ailing, which made her think about the trauma to the individual spirit brought by the great change of the environment. The prosperity and decline of the family have a great influence on the material and spiritual life of every member of the family. Zhang Ailing used his pen to describe the personality distortion brought about by the great changes in life. These classic images also made important contributions to the achievement of Zhang Ailing. Secondly, the female liberation and feminist movement were in full swing in the 1930s and 1940s, but Zhang Ailing was not washed away by the trend of the times, and often showed his love for money in his literary works. From a psychological point of view, it has something to do with the changes in her family and her life. In a life of money imbalance, she chooses money worship to masturbate, which is precisely the reflection of traumatic stress. The traumatic experience brought by money makes Zhang Ailing reflect on the eternal pillar of life. This kind of life experience makes her write in the art world the human indifference brought by money and find a good remedy for psychological trauma. Thirdly, parents' neglect and concern for their children will lead to the lack of affection of the children and then develop into a kind of mental trauma. Zhang Ailing, in his novel creation, fully describes the ugly father image of the evil mother image, on the one hand, it implies resentment against the parents. On the other hand, it also hinted at her yearning for affection. Finally, irony has a strong artistic ability, its core quality is negation and subversion. Zhang Ailing uses verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony to ridicule or pity people and events in the story. The subversive things of irony and negation are excavated and expanded in the process of reading. Zhang Ailing, who has experienced disaster, has a profound understanding of life. She frequently uses irony in her literary creation because she understands the eternity of group life and the impermanence of individual life. She examined the chaotic world with irony and cast unlimited humanistic care on the essence of life.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：I207.42

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