商标权与表达自由的冲突与协调
发布时间：2018-12-07 17:59
【摘要】：商标权与表达自由冲突的表现及原因可从表达自由和商标权两方面分别论述。对表达自由自身的判例及理论来说,也根据表达内容的性质为商业或非商业表达提供不同程度的保护。尽管这种划分被部分研究者质疑,但划分本身仍被大多数研究者多遵循。并且,在表达自由法理的发展历程中,商标权并非一个特别突出的因素。表达自由也没有因此专门就商标权发展出一些特别的抗辩。这两方面的原因导致在商标权与表达自由的冲突中,表达自由得不到的充分保护。商标权与表达自由冲突的表现及原因还可从商标权角度论述,且商标权的扩张是造成冲突的主要原因。商标权的扩张表现为混淆理论适用范围的扩大和淡化理论的提出,权利性质上主要是禁止他人使用商标范围的扩大。商标权的扩张需要构建自身的理论正当性。商标功能和功能的阐释成为商标权人支撑其主张的根据。此外,商标权人乃至商标自身政治|经济|文化等维度的变化客观上也使得商标成为表达自由的重要工具。这些政治、经济乃至文化现象中对商标的使用不必然属于商标权人禁止权的范畴。然而,商标权人并不这样认为,坚持从商标权的视角将这些使用行为囊括进禁止权的范围,是导致同表达自由冲突的根本原因。对商标权和表达自由的协调问题,本文对欧盟和美国在立法和司法实践中发展出的理论及其不足进行了考察。欧盟和美国由于法律传统的不同,在大致趋近的前提下发展出各自的协调方法。其中商标权和表达自由分别成为协调的主要方面。在最后,本文对我国在商标立法和司法实践中存在的问题进行了剖析。立法上存在的问题主要是混淆理论擅自引入淡化因素。司法上存在的问题是对混淆理论的任意使用和裁判标准的不一致问题。最后,本文借鉴欧盟和美国的方法,为我国立法和司法政策的改善提出一些建议。
[Abstract]:The expression and reason of the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression can be discussed from two aspects: freedom of expression and trademark right. According to the nature of the expression content, it also provides varying degrees of protection for the commercial or non-commercial expression in the jurisprudence and theory of freedom of expression itself. Although this division is questioned by some researchers, the division itself is still followed by most researchers. Moreover, trademark right is not a particularly prominent factor in the development of freedom of expression. Freedom of expression has not therefore developed special defences against trademark rights. These two reasons lead to the insufficient protection of freedom of expression in the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression. The expression and reason of the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression can also be discussed from the angle of trademark right, and the expansion of trademark right is the main cause of the conflict. The expansion of trademark rights is manifested in the expansion of the scope of application of the confusion theory and the introduction of the dilution theory. The nature of the rights is mainly the expansion of the scope of prohibiting others from using trademarks. The expansion of trademark rights needs to build its own theoretical legitimacy. The interpretation of trademark functions and functions becomes the basis for trademark owners to support their claims. In addition, the changes of the dimensions of trademark owner and trademark itself, such as political, economic, cultural and so on, make trademark an important tool for freedom of expression. The use of trademarks in these political, economic and cultural phenomena does not necessarily belong to the scope of trademark rights. However, the trademark owners do not think so, insisting on including these use actions in the scope of the prohibition right from the perspective of trademark rights is the fundamental reason leading to the conflict with freedom of expression. On the issue of coordination between trademark rights and freedom of expression, this paper examines the theories and deficiencies developed in legislation and judicial practice in the European Union and the United States. The European Union and the United States have developed their respective coordination methods under the premise of approximate convergence due to the difference of legal traditions. Among them, trademark right and freedom of expression are respectively the main aspects of coordination. Finally, this paper analyzes the problems in trademark legislation and judicial practice in China. The main problem in legislation is the introduction of dilution factors into the confusion theory without authorization. The problem in the judicature is the inconsistency between the arbitrary use of the confusion theory and the standard of adjudication. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions for the improvement of our country's legislation and judicial policy by using the European Union and the United States for reference.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.43
本文编号：2367604
[Abstract]:The expression and reason of the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression can be discussed from two aspects: freedom of expression and trademark right. According to the nature of the expression content, it also provides varying degrees of protection for the commercial or non-commercial expression in the jurisprudence and theory of freedom of expression itself. Although this division is questioned by some researchers, the division itself is still followed by most researchers. Moreover, trademark right is not a particularly prominent factor in the development of freedom of expression. Freedom of expression has not therefore developed special defences against trademark rights. These two reasons lead to the insufficient protection of freedom of expression in the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression. The expression and reason of the conflict between trademark right and freedom of expression can also be discussed from the angle of trademark right, and the expansion of trademark right is the main cause of the conflict. The expansion of trademark rights is manifested in the expansion of the scope of application of the confusion theory and the introduction of the dilution theory. The nature of the rights is mainly the expansion of the scope of prohibiting others from using trademarks. The expansion of trademark rights needs to build its own theoretical legitimacy. The interpretation of trademark functions and functions becomes the basis for trademark owners to support their claims. In addition, the changes of the dimensions of trademark owner and trademark itself, such as political, economic, cultural and so on, make trademark an important tool for freedom of expression. The use of trademarks in these political, economic and cultural phenomena does not necessarily belong to the scope of trademark rights. However, the trademark owners do not think so, insisting on including these use actions in the scope of the prohibition right from the perspective of trademark rights is the fundamental reason leading to the conflict with freedom of expression. On the issue of coordination between trademark rights and freedom of expression, this paper examines the theories and deficiencies developed in legislation and judicial practice in the European Union and the United States. The European Union and the United States have developed their respective coordination methods under the premise of approximate convergence due to the difference of legal traditions. Among them, trademark right and freedom of expression are respectively the main aspects of coordination. Finally, this paper analyzes the problems in trademark legislation and judicial practice in China. The main problem in legislation is the introduction of dilution factors into the confusion theory without authorization. The problem in the judicature is the inconsistency between the arbitrary use of the confusion theory and the standard of adjudication. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions for the improvement of our country's legislation and judicial policy by using the European Union and the United States for reference.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.43
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前4条
1 杜颖;;地名商标的可注册性及其合理使用——从“百家湖”案谈起[J];法学;2007年11期
2 苏平;胡海容;李庆;;论商标侵权中“商标使用”的判断标准[J];法律适用;2013年01期
3 彭学龙;;信息经济学视角下的商标制度[J];知识产权;2012年08期
4 徐聪颖;;商标与商誉关系的再思考——由 “王老吉”商标的法律纷争说起[J];知识产权;2012年09期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 秦洁;商标淡化研究[D];西南政法大学;2012年
，本文编号：2367604
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jingjilunwen/zhengzhijingjixuelunwen/2367604.html
