“流氓软件”致害的侵权责任

发布时间：2019-01-23 13:24

【摘要】：互联网是信息科技革命的产物，对政治、经济、法律等社会生活的各个领域产生着深刻影响。随着互联网的日益发展，人们对网络的依赖性越来越明显。网络在传播庞大信息的同时，也为一些追求经济利益的侵权行为打开了方便之门，其中“流氓软件”已经成为了现今网络发展中的重要阻碍。对“流氓软件”的侵权行为进行相关法律分析及责任认定并提出解决措施是当前法学研究的热点。本文第一部分介绍了“流氓软件”的概念，通过研究不同权威机构对“流氓软件”所下的定义，从而对其含义和内涵进行准确界定：“流氓软件”也称为恶意软件，它是一种以获得利益为目的的介于电脑病毒和正规软件之间的软件，在没有明确提示或未经用户许可，或利用欺诈的方法诱使用户安装，在用户计算机或其他终端上通过后台运行，具有隐秘性且难以卸载，强行控制用户行为，严重干涉了用户对个人计算机操作的自主权、选择权及控制权。第二部分是对国内外“流氓软件”的界定进行横向分析，通过对比欧盟及美国对“流氓软件”规制的研究，总结出我国在规制“流氓软件”方面的不足。目前欧盟及美国都有针对恶意软件的法律规制，而我国并没有针对流氓软件的立法，甚至没有对“流氓软件”进行法律界定，只能从现有法律法规中进行有限适用，这种适用并不能很好地保护计算机用户的合法权益。第三部分是从侵权行为及构成出发，对“流氓软件”进行侵权责任认定，并指出其侵权行为的本质，提出“流氓软件”侵权的本质在于网络环境下公民信息能力扩张导致的权利冲突。同时依据侵权内容不同将“流氓软件”侵权行为分为侵害公民的物权、人格权和信息自由权三类，并从侵权责任的构成出发分析这三种侵权行为的侵权责任。第四部分提出我国的相关法律对新兴的互联网行为的规制比较滞后，还有很多不足之处。因此为互联网的健康发展提供良好的法律秩序，为网民的合法民事权利构建完善的法律依据，成为当下急需解决的问题。针对“流氓软件”的侵权行为，提出完善现有民事法律规范，在民法中对其进行界定，，并确立公民信息自由权在民事法律中的相应地位，以及确立“流氓软件”的归责原则。实现对“流氓软件”侵权行为的救济，规制网络环境下的恶意侵权行为，从而实现网络环境的有序发展，网民权益的有效保障，推动和谐法治网络环境的构建。
[Abstract]:Internet is the product of information technology revolution, which has a profound influence on politics, economy, law and other fields of social life. With the increasing development of the Internet, people's dependence on the network is becoming more and more obvious. The network not only spreads huge information, but also opens the door for some torts seeking economic interests. Among them, "rogue software" has become an important obstacle in the development of network. It is the hot point of current law research to analyze the tort of "rogue software" and identify the responsibility and put forward the solution. In the first part of this paper, the concept of "rogue software" is introduced. By studying the definition of "rogue software" made by different authoritative organizations, the meaning and connotation of "rogue software" are accurately defined: "rogue software" is also called malware. It is a software between computer viruses and regular software for the purpose of obtaining benefits, and induces users to install it without explicit instructions or without the user's permission, or by using fraudulent methods to induce the user to install, Running in the background on the user computer or other terminals, it is secret and difficult to uninstall. It forcibly controls the user's behavior and interferes seriously with the user's autonomy, option and control over the operation of the personal computer. The second part is the horizontal analysis of the definition of "rogue software" at home and abroad. By comparing the European Union and the United States on the regulation of "rogue software", the author summarizes the shortcomings of our country in regulating "rogue software". At present, the European Union and the United States have legal regulations against malware, but our country does not have legislation on rogue software, nor has it even defined "rogue software". It can only be limited from the existing laws and regulations. This application does not protect the legitimate rights and interests of computer users. The third part is from the tort act and the constitution, carries on the tort liability confirmation to "the rogue software", and points out its tort behavior essence, The essence of the infringement of "rogue software" lies in the conflict of rights caused by the expansion of citizens' information ability under the network environment. At the same time, according to the different content of tort, the infringement of "rogue software" is divided into three categories: property right, personality right and freedom of information right, and the tort liability of these three kinds of tort acts is analyzed from the constitution of tort liability. In the fourth part, the author points out that the relevant laws of our country are lagging behind in regulating the emerging Internet behavior, and there are still many deficiencies. Therefore, to provide a good legal order for the healthy development of the Internet and to build a sound legal basis for the legal civil rights of Internet users has become an urgent problem. In view of the tort of "rogue software", this paper puts forward to perfect the existing civil legal norms, define them in the civil law, and establish the corresponding status of citizens' right to freedom of information in civil law, as well as establish the principle of imputation of "rogue software". In order to realize the orderly development of network environment, the effective protection of Internet users' rights and interests, and to promote the construction of harmonious legal network environment, the remedy for the infringement of "rogue software" and the regulation of malicious infringement under the network environment are realized.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923

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