批评性话语分析视域下英语新闻语篇的及物性分析

发布时间：2019-01-23 13:56

【摘要】：批评性话语分析（critical discourse analysis），亦称批评语言学（criticallinguistics），作为话语分析学科的一个分支，是20世纪70年代末80年代初由以Roger Fowler和Gunther Kress等为代表的西方语言学家创建和发展起来的。批评性话语分析关注的是语言与社会的关系。批评语言学家认为，语言，，尤其是语言使用应该成为一种社会实践。语言与社会密不可分；语言不仅反映客观的社会现实，还反映了隐藏在现实中的权力和意识形态。虽然批评性话语分析以所有非文学语篇为研究对象，但是迄今为止新闻语篇是它最主要的分析对象。像其它任何语篇一样，新闻语篇也是通过语言来表述世界的。新闻报道是一种社会实践，而新闻语篇正是这种实践的产物。它包含和反映着生成者的立场和观点，因而不可能不偏不倚地反映客观事实，而是参与对现实的社会构建。批评性话语分析的目的就是通过分析语篇的语言特点及其生成的社会历史背景来考察语言结构背后的意识形态意义，进而揭示语言、权力和意识形态之间的复杂关系。批评性话语分析最重要的理论基础和最主要的方法论来源是韩礼德的系统功能语法。韩礼德认为语言有三大纯理功能，即概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能，而其中的概念功能便是批评性话语分析所采用的主要分析工具。本论文的研究即是运用概念功能中的及物性系统对所选语篇进行批评分析。及物性系统的作用是把经验世界分成易操作的一组过程，过程主要有六种：物质过程、心理过程、关系过程、言语过程、行为过程和存在过程。选择哪种过程，取决于说话者的交际意图以及他/她对事件的理解和看法。因此，最终被选择的过程具有重要的文化、政治或意识形态意义。目前，国内对于新闻语篇的批评性话语分析大多集中在意识形态较为明显的政治、经济类新闻语篇，能够同时对极端天气和恐怖袭击进行及物性分析的语篇研究极为少见。本文以系统功能语言学理论为基础，借助韩礼德的及物性理论，在批评性话语分析的框架下，对所收集的最新语料开展研究，以期揭示新闻语篇潜藏的意识形态。通过对不同国家的媒体针对同一新闻事件所产生的新闻语篇进行批评性话语分析，获得如下研究结果:（1）及物性理论是批评性话语分析的一种有效工具，它不仅可以用来分析文学作品，还可以用来分析新闻语篇；（2）意识形态广泛存在于新闻语篇之中，而且及物性过程选择的差异能够体现出不同的意识形态，新闻语篇中经常体现较大差异的过程是物质过程、言语过程和关系过程；（3）在现代社会政治、经济和文化背景下，语言体现了不同政治集团和利益机体的权力和意识形态。而新闻语篇作为社会实践正是服务于这种权力和意识形态关系的。
[Abstract]:Critical discourse Analysis (critical discourse analysis), also known as critical Linguistics (criticallinguistics), as a branch of discourse analysis, was founded and developed by western linguists, such as Roger Fowler and Gunther Kress, in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Critical discourse analysis focuses on the relationship between language and society. Critical linguists believe that language, especially its use, should become a social practice. Language is inseparable from society, and language not only reflects the objective social reality, but also reflects the power and ideology hidden in reality. Although CDA focuses on all non-literary discourses, so far news discourse is the most important one. Like any other text, news discourse expresses the world through language. News reporting is a kind of social practice, and news discourse is the product of this practice. It contains and reflects the position and viewpoint of the producer, so it is impossible to reflect the objective facts impartially, but to participate in the social construction of reality. The purpose of critical discourse analysis (CDA) is to examine the ideological meaning behind the language structure by analyzing the linguistic characteristics of the discourse and its social and historical background, and to reveal the complex relationship among language, power and ideology. The most important theoretical basis and methodology of critical discourse analysis is Halliday's systemic functional grammar. Halliday holds that language has three main functions, namely conceptual function, interpersonal function and textual function, among which the conceptual function is the main analytical tool used in critical discourse analysis. In this thesis, we use conceptual function and transitivity system to analyze the selected texts. The function of the transitivity system is to divide the experiential world into a group of processes which are easy to operate. There are six kinds of processes: material process, psychological process, relational process, speech process, behavioral process and existential process. The choice of process depends on the speaker's communicative intention and his / her understanding and perception of the event. Therefore, the process of eventual selection has important cultural, political, or ideological implications. At present, most of the critical discourse analysis of news discourse focuses on the political and economic news discourses with obvious ideology, and it is rare to study the extreme weather and terrorist attacks at the same time. Based on the theory of systemic functional linguistics and with the help of Halliday's and transitivity theory, this paper studies the latest data collected under the framework of critical discourse analysis in order to reveal the hidden ideology of news discourse. Through critical discourse analysis of news discourses produced by different media in different countries, the following results are obtained: (1) the theory of transitivity is an effective tool for CDA. It can be used not only to analyze literary works, but also to analyze news discourses. (2) ideology exists widely in news discourses, and the differences in the choice of transitivity processes can reflect different ideologies. In news discourses, the different processes are material process, speech process and relational process; (3) under the background of politics, economy and culture in modern society, language embodies the power and ideology of different political groups and benefit organism. News discourse, as a social practice, serves the relationship between power and ideology.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315

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