网络舆情风险的形成与规避研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 17:09

【摘要】：互联网具有较高的自由度,交互性强,信息丰富,已经成为公众关注政治形势、表达观点态度的便捷平台。网络上的舆情不仅是对现实社会的一种回应,更是现实世界中政治、经济、文化的一种映射,对于反映社情民意、促进政府公开透明、解决现实问题等起了极大的作用。不可忽视的是,网络舆情本身存在着-些非理性成分,如情绪性言论、网络谣言、语言暴力等,尤其是当突发性的、与公众利益直接相关的事件发生时,短时间内吸引网络关注凝聚大量舆情,网络舆情的风险性特征更加明显。由于多重的现实风险元素、不健全的网络言行法律规范、新闻媒体引导不当、官方回应有误等主客观原因,网络舆情风险日益高发多发频发,成为“风险时代”与“网络时代”交织而来的新风险,是导致社会风险系数增加的重要因素。通过跟踪分析大量网络热议事件的舆情演变过程,本文将网络舆情风险的形成划分为潜伏期、形成期、波动期、消退期四个阶段,以及突发、渐进、反复三种模式。网络舆情风险具有不确定性、高发性、流动性、二元交叠性、危机性等特征,线下风险元素联合线上舆情风险可能会造成舆论绑架、“舆情动员”乃至负面行动,甚至危害网络空间秩序和公民人身权利,对网络安全乃至社会和谐造成威胁。为了合理预控、有效规避网络舆情风险,本文认为,在网络舆情风险形成前要加强舆情全方位监测,及时预警；风险演变中增强风险沟通,发挥媒体、意见领袖等“压力集团”的作用；风险消退后强化善后处理,建立健全舆情问责机制。本文更多地参照了舆论学、风险社会、风险沟通等相关理论,意图弥补以往网络舆情研究中单纯以新闻学、传播学理论进行解读的单薄,从而对网络舆情风险形成一个初步的认识。另一方面,探讨网络舆情风险预控和规避的策略,对肃清网络环境、维护社会稳定具有重要意义,对提高人们的风险意识和网络媒介素养具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:Internet has a high degree of freedom, strong interaction, rich information, has become a convenient platform for the public to pay attention to the political situation and express their views and attitudes. The public opinion on the network is not only a response to the real society, but also a reflection of politics, economy and culture in the real world. It plays a great role in reflecting the public opinion, promoting the transparency of the government and solving the real problems. What can't be ignored is that there are some irrational elements in the Internet public opinion itself, such as emotional statements, online rumors, language violence, etc., especially when sudden events directly related to the public interest occur. A large number of public opinions are attracted to the network in a short period of time, and the risk characteristics of the network public opinion are more obvious. As a result of such subjective and objective reasons as multiple real risk elements, unsound legal norms of network words and deeds, improper guidance of the news media and incorrect official responses, the risks of network public opinion are increasingly high and frequent. It is an important factor leading to the increase of social risk coefficient to become a new risk intertwined in the "risk era" and "network age". By following up and analyzing the process of public opinion evolution of a large number of network hot discussion events, this paper divides the formation of network public opinion risk into four stages: latent period, forming period, fluctuation period and extinction period, as well as three modes: sudden, gradual and repeated. The risk of network public opinion has the characteristics of uncertainty, high incidence, fluidity, duality overlap, crisis and so on. The combination of offline risk elements and online public opinion risk may lead to public opinion kidnapping, "public opinion mobilization" and even negative actions. Even endangers the cyberspace order and the citizen's personal rights, and threatens the network security and even the social harmony. In order to avoid the network public opinion risk effectively, this paper thinks that before the network public opinion risk formation, we should strengthen the omnidirectional monitoring of the network public opinion risk, timely early warning; In the process of risk evolution, the role of "pressure groups" such as media and opinion leaders should be brought into play, and the post-treatment should be strengthened after the risk has subsided, and the accountability mechanism of public opinion should be established and perfected. This paper refers to the related theories of public opinion, risk society, risk communication and so on, in order to make up for the weakness of the previous research on network public opinion, which is simply interpreted by the theory of journalism and communication. Thus form a preliminary understanding of the network public opinion risk. On the other hand, it is of great significance to discuss the strategy of pre-control and avoidance of network public opinion risk, which is of great significance to eliminate the network environment and maintain social stability, and to improve people's risk awareness and network media literacy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G206

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