莱布尼茨的“通用字符”思想研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 22:14

【摘要】：语言是人类进行日常表达和思想交流最重要的工具。人们借助语言保存和传递人类文明的成果和知识,对政治、经济和社会、科技乃至文化本身产生影响,对人类知识的获得和增长有至关重要的作用。在历史发展过程中,知识经历了发现、分化、整理、细化、再到统一的过程。知识细化的同时又暗示着统一的趋势。由于语言是表达知识的工具,那么是否可以通过语言的统一来达到知识的统一?这就成为一个问题。首先对这个问题进行系统研究的哲学家,当属莱布尼茨。十七世纪无论是从社会层面还是文化层面,都显示着统一是时代发展的历史趋势,同时,各时代的哲学家对语言和知识问题的探讨也从未停止。莱布尼茨看到了知识和语言的统一性,就试图通过语言的统一来实现知识的统一,因而创新大胆地提出“通用字符”的构想。他渴望用字符表达人类的知识和概念,并借由数学的方法建立一个由符号组成的清晰精确的形式语言,这样一来人们就可以利用“通用字符”确定系统化的知识,利用数学上的推理演算获得科学知识,找到真理。尽管莱布尼茨构想的“通用字符”是一种完美的理性语言,尽管他提出了进行普遍演算的种种规则,然而这种宏伟的愿望终究没有实现,这的确与当时局限的历史因素和他自身的条件有关,但更值得推敲的则是他对“通用字符”思想合理性和科学性的预设前提。“通用字符”由于其自身的局限性没有达到预期的目的,但这并没有妨碍理性语言的建立,他的“通用字符”思想给予了很多哲学家重要的启迪,之后的许多哲学家都吸收并发展了莱布尼茨的理性语言的概念,沿着这条道路越走越远,从这个意义上说,莱布尼茨“通用字符”构想对后世哲学的发展产生了深刻长远的影响。
[Abstract]:Language is the most important tool for daily expression and exchange of ideas. People use language to preserve and transmit the achievements and knowledge of human civilization, which has an impact on politics, economy and society, science and technology and even culture itself, and plays a vital role in the acquisition and growth of human knowledge. In the course of historical development, knowledge has gone through the process of discovery, differentiation, collation, refinement and unification. The refinement of knowledge at the same time implies a unified trend. Since language is a tool to express knowledge, can the unity of knowledge be achieved through the unification of language? This becomes a problem. The philosopher who first studied the problem systematically was Leibniz. Both from the social level and the cultural level, the 17th century shows that unity is the historical trend of the development of the times, and at the same time, the philosophers of all times have never stopped the discussion of language and knowledge. Leibniz saw the unity of knowledge and language, and tried to realize the unity of knowledge through the unity of language, so he boldly put forward the idea of "universal character". He was eager to express human knowledge and concepts in characters and to create a clear and precise formal language of symbols by mathematical means, so that people could use "universal characters" to determine systematic knowledge. Use mathematical reasoning to acquire scientific knowledge and find truth. Although Leibniz's idea of "universal characters" was a perfectly rational language, and for all the rules he proposed for universal calculus, this grandiose desire did not materialize. This is really related to the limited historical factors at that time and his own conditions, but the presupposition of his rationality and scientific nature of the thought of "universal characters" is more worthy of deliberation. Because of its limitations, "universal character" did not achieve the desired purpose, but it did not hinder the establishment of rational language. His "universal character" thought gave many philosophers important enlightenment. Many later philosophers absorbed and developed Leibniz's concept of rational language and went further and further along this path, in that sense, Leibniz's idea of "universal character" had a profound and long-term influence on the development of philosophy in later generations.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：N02

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