克林顿新经济政策探析

发布时间：2018-01-01 23:00

本文关键词：克林顿新经济政策探析　出处：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“新经济”政策是克林顿政府执政期间所采取的一系列经济政策的统称,这一政策的实施对于上世纪90年代以来的美国经济发展来说具有极为重要的意义：它成功地增加了政府的税收收入,实现了联邦政府的机构改革,使政府得以更有效地行使其经济职能。在它的名下实施的产业政策更使得美国高新技术产业,尤其是信息技术产业异军突起；而放松对企业的管制则使得美国国内的企业更有活力和国际竞争力。此外,以“新经济”的名义主导的各种财政投入不但促进了国内经济的增长,而且对教育、科研等事关美国社会经济长远发展的各项事业的发展也起了巨大的推动作用。同时,本文认为,任何一种经济政策都有其两面性,新经济政策自然也不例外。克林顿新经济政策的理论基础是被众多学者称之为“新凯恩斯主义”的经济理论。这种新经济理论其实就是对凯恩斯主义的一种延伸。所以“新凯恩斯主义”理论的主要来源就是凯恩斯主义,但与其相比又有不同。克林顿新经济政策的形成,还与美国当时的国内外背景密切相关。在国际背景方面,主要表现为：冷战结束,促使美国把各种资源集中于经济发展上；区域性的经济危机使国际资本纷纷流向美国；国际能源价格稳定,使美国能源供应充足。在国内背景方面,主要表现为国内宏观经济严重的失衡,出现了高赤字、高负债、高利率、高失业率以及高贸易赤字的“五高”并存的局面；经济发展出现了一些新态势,即高新技术产业发展迅猛和一些制度上的创新。本文重点讨论了克林顿新经济政策中的财政政策。其财政政策主要有两个基本出发点：第一,主要着眼于弥补财政赤字,改善政府财政状况；第二,主要着眼于促进经济的长期稳定增长。在弥补赤字方面主要通过增收和节支两个方面展开：在增收方面,主要分析了个人所得税、公司税、医疗照顾保险税、社会保险税、运输燃油增税几个税种的增税情况,并对增税的影响和后果作了简要分析；在节支方面,主要从精简政府机构和减少军费开支两个角度来分析,其中精简政府机构方面又作为本文的论述重点,本文拟从废除繁琐的规章制度、预算体制改革、采购体制改革、公务员体制改革四个方面展开。克林顿政府通过增收和节支两个方面的改革,使政府的财政状况得到了极大的改善。紧接着本文深入探讨了克林顿政府对于放松企业管制方面的措施和影响。本文对于克林顿政府放松企业管制方面的议论主要包括两点:首先,加大对高科技产业的投入,实施了“信息高速路计划”；其次,放松企业管制,这一点主要从放松对企业重组的管制和放松对企业价格的管制两个方面来做重点分析。在加大高新技术产业的投入和放松企业管制方面,又以后者作为本文的着力点。在放松对企业重组的管制方面,本文对其管制放松的历史过程作了详细梳理,并指出这种放松加剧了各企业的竞争,促使了产品价格的下降；同时,使得资本大规模向高新技术产业领域聚集,优化了产业结构。在放松企业价格管制方面,本文具体论述了放松电力行业价格管制、放松天然气行业价格管制、放松电信行业价格管制、放松银行金融行业价格管制、放松运输业价格管制的过程。克林顿政府财政政策一方面着眼于平衡财政赤字,另一方面着眼于促进经济长期稳定增长,但是我们该如何评价这些政策呢?可以说,对于美国国内而言,其有利影响是占大部分的,同时也有一定的不足方面：有利的一面,主要体现在实现了经济的“一高两低”,促进了美国劳动生产率的提高,使信息产业成为美国的支柱产业；其不足的一面主要体现在政府放松对企业管制之后垄断的急剧膨胀。从国际影响来看,一方面改变了美国在美、日、欧三级格局中的地位,另一方面加快了世界经济区域集团化的趋势。
[Abstract]:The "new economic policy" is a general term for a series of economic policies during the Clinton government, the implementation of this policy is of great significance for the economic development of the United States last century since 90s it successfully increased the government's tax revenue, the federal government institutional reform, allowing the government to effectively exercise its economic function. The implementation of the name of the industry policy makes us high-tech industry, especially the information technology industry A new force suddenly rises. while the enterprise reform; making the United States domestic enterprises more dynamic and international competitiveness. In addition, a variety of financial investment in the name "new economy" led not only to promote the growth of the domestic economy, but also on the development of education, scientific research and other undertakings concerning the long-term development of the American economy has played a huge role in promoting. At the time, this article holds that any economic policy has its dual nature, and the new economic policy is naturally no exception.
The theoretical basis of Clinton's new economic policy is by many scholars called the "new Keynes doctrine" of economic theory. This new economic theory is actually an extension of the Keynes doctrine. So the main source of "new Keynes doctrine" theory is the Keynes doctrine, but it is different. Compared with the formation of Clinton's new economic policy also, closely related to the United States at home and abroad. In the background of international background, the main performance is: the end of the cold war, prompted the United States to a variety of resources to focus on economic development; regional economic crisis in international capital flows to the United States; International energy price stability, the United States and sufficient energy supply in the domestic background., mainly for the domestic macroeconomic imbalance is serious, the emergence of high deficits, high debt, high interest rates, high unemployment and high trade deficit "high five" coexistence of the Bureau There are some new trends in economic development, that is, the rapid development of high and new technology industry and the innovation of some systems.
This paper focuses on the discussion of Clinton's new economic policy in the fiscal policy. The fiscal policy mainly has two basic starting point: first, focus on the deficit and improve government finances; second, mainly focus on the promotion of long-term stable growth of the economy. Making up the deficit mainly through two aspects of income and savings in the income aspect, the main analysis of the personal income tax, corporate tax, medical care insurance tax, social insurance tax, tax increase transportation fuel tax increase of several tax, and the impact of tax increases and the consequences are briefly analyzed; in terms of savings, mainly from two angles to streamline government agencies and reduce military expenditure analysis, streamline government agencies and as the key point of the paper, this paper from the abolition of the cumbersome rules, budget reform, procurement reform, civil service reform four The Clinton administration reform aspects. Through two aspects of income and savings, the government's fiscal position has been greatly improved. Then this paper discusses the measures and effects of the Clinton Administration for enterprises deregulation. The discussion of the Clinton administration enterprises deregulation mainly includes two aspects: first, to increase the high-tech industry the investment, the implementation of the "information highway plan"; secondly, enterprises deregulation, this is mainly from the restructuring of enterprises to relax regulation and relax on the two aspects of enterprise price regulation to make key analysis. Increase investment in high-tech industries and enterprises deregulation, and the latter is the focal point of this paper in the deregulation of corporate restructuring, this paper made a detailed analysis on its deregulation historical process, and pointed out that this relaxation increased the enterprises The competition led to the decline in product prices; at the same time, making large-scale capital to high-tech industries gathered to optimize the industrial structure. In the relaxed price controls, this paper discusses the deregulation of the price of electric power industry, natural gas industry price control to relax, relax price regulation in telecom industry, deregulation of the price of bank financial industry relax, transport price regulation process.
The Clinton administration's fiscal policy on the one hand focus on balancing the budget deficit, on the other hand, focus on the promotion of long-term and stable economic growth, but how do we evaluate these policies? It can be said that for the United States, its beneficial effects are accounted for the majority, there are also certain deficiencies: on the plus side, mainly reflected in the economic "one high and two low", promote the improvement of labor productivity, the information industry has become a pillar industry of the United States; the side is mainly reflected in the rapid expansion of the government to relax the monopoly on enterprise control. After the impact from the international point of view, on the one hand, changed the United States in the United States, Japan, Europe three the position of the pattern, on the other hand, to speed up the regional grouping of the world economy trend.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F171.2

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