西部地区碳排放交易机制构建研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 11:38

本文关键词：西部地区碳排放交易机制构建研究　出处：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,人类过度排放温室气体所引发的全球气候变化问题,以及气候变化问题所引发的自然灾害问题正成为全球关注的热点。目前,各国已经认识到了大气环境容量资源的有限性,不能无限度地排放温室气体,并达成较一致的共识——控制碳排放是解决当前全球气候变化问题的必然要求。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及《京都议定书》为缔约国中的发达国家设定了温室气体排放额度和减排义务,出于国际碳减排的压力,许多国家纷纷探索有效的市场经济手段来控制碳排放。与此同时,我国国内也把节能减排和控制碳排放强度作为“十一五”和“十二五”发展规划的硬约束性指标,除传统的行政治理手段外,迫切需要寻找一条有效的市场经济手段来实现节能减排目标。本文正是基于这样的一个背景,以国外理论研究和实践经验为借鉴,结合我国学者的认知与探索,对碳排放交易机制进行较深入的探讨和研究。大气环境容量资源具有公共产品特性,为解决其公共产品所导致的外部性问题,通过明晰产权方式和建立排放权交易机制,是实现大气环境容量资源有效配置和控制碳排放的较优选择。碳排放交易机制是规范碳排放交易的制度安排,核心原理是设定排放总量目标,确立排放权的稀缺性,通过无偿(配给)或有偿(拍卖)的方式分配排放配额(一级市场),依托有效的检测体系、核证体系,实现供需信息公开化,依托公平可靠的交易平台、灵活高效的交易机制(二级市场)实现环境资源的商品化,通过金融机构的参与为市场提供充足的流动性,发挥市场的定价与资源配置功能,降低节能减排成本,提高低碳发展效率。本文首先对国内外对碳排放交易机制的研究进行了文献梳理,然后碳排放交易机制的基本内涵进行了论述,包括理论溯源、相关概念、类型；考虑到清洁发展机制在国际碳交易中的重要作用以及作为我国参与碳交易的主要方式,有必要对其基本内容给予简要的说明,并在此基础上研究并提出清洁发展机制对我国建立碳排放交易机制发挥了过渡和推动作用。国际主要碳排放交易体系早已蓬勃发展,而且取得了显著的成效。本文主要选取了欧盟碳排放交易体系、美国区域温室气体减排行动以及芝加哥气候交易所作为研究借鉴的对象。欧盟碳排放交易体系在全球碳交易市场中占据着主导地位,其对碳排放交易的机制设计对碳排放交易机制的构建是很好的参考和借鉴；美国区域温室气体减排行动作为区域性的碳排放交易体系,则对建立区域碳排放交易机制起到了很好的示范作用。在对国际主要碳排放交易实践进行研究和经验借鉴之后,本文根据能源消费数据,对西部地区11个省市的碳排放总量和碳排放强度进行了估算,并进行了比较分析,包括西部各省市之间、东中西和东北地区之间的比较。然后从清洁发展机制、碳排放交易所和重庆碳交易试点三个方面分别对西部地区碳交易现状进行了说明,提出西部地区碳排放交易制度的缺失是碳交易存在的最大问题,包括法律制度、市场机制以及管理机制三个方面。另外,还对西部地区参与清洁发展机制存在的问题进行了分析,并给出建议。然后,本文进一步分析了西部地区建立碳排放交易机制的意义和约束性,认为西部地区建立碳排放交易机制将带来四个方面的促进作用,即有利于改善生态环境、促进低碳转型、减少西部贫困和发挥先行减排优势。最后提出西部地区建立碳排放交易机制要遵循发展优先、激励性、渐进性和长效性的原则,并在此原则指导下从总量控制、覆盖范围、配额分配、能力建设、弹性机制五个方面进行了要素设计,并从法律、管理、市场和合作四个方面给予制度上的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years , the problem of global climate change caused by the excessive emission of greenhouse gases and the natural disasters caused by climate change have become the focus of global concern . At present , countries have recognized the limitation of atmospheric environmental capacity resources , can not discharge greenhouse gases to a limited extent , and achieve a more consistent consensus _ control of carbon emissions is a mandatory requirement to address the current global climate change . At the same time , many countries have set up effective market economy instruments to control carbon emissions . In addition to traditional administrative measures , there is an urgent need to find an effective means of market economy to achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction . This paper is based on the background of the research and practical experience of the foreign theoretical research and practical experience . In order to solve the external problem caused by the public goods , this paper discusses and studies the mechanism of carbon emission trading . The mechanism of carbon emission trading is the system arrangement to regulate the emission of carbon . The core principle is to set up the emission quota target , to establish the emission right . By means of the fair and reliable trading platform , the flexible and efficient transaction mechanism ( the second - level market ) can realize the commercialization of the environmental resources , and play the market ' s pricing and resource allocation function , reduce the cost of energy saving and emission reduction and improve the low carbon development efficiency . This paper firstly sorts out the research of carbon emission trading mechanism at home and abroad , then discusses the basic connotation of carbon emission trading mechanism , including theory tracing , relevant concept and type , taking into consideration the important role of clean development mechanism in international carbon trading and the main ways of participating in carbon trading . Based on the data of energy consumption , this paper estimates the total carbon emission and carbon emission intensity of 11 provinces and cities in the western region , including the comparison between China ' s western provinces and cities , East China West and Northeast China . Then , the paper analyzes the present situation of carbon trading in the western region , including the legal system , market mechanism and management mechanism , and gives some suggestions on the problems existing in the western region ' s participation in the clean development mechanism . Then , this paper further analyzes the significance and the constraint of establishing the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region . It is believed that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region will bring about four aspects , namely , it is beneficial to improve the ecological environment , promote the transformation of low carbon , reduce the western poverty and play the leading role in reducing emission reduction . Finally , it puts forward that the establishment of the carbon emission trading mechanism in the western region should abide by the principles of development priority , incentive , gradualness and long - effect . Finally , it puts forward the key elements in the five aspects of total control , coverage , quota allocation , capacity - building and elastic mechanism under the guidance of this principle , and gives the policy suggestions on the system from the four aspects of law , management , market and cooperation .

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F205;F127

【参考文献】