中国居民收入差距的时序特征及效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:01

本文关键词： 收入差距经济增长时序特征倒U型　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1978年改革开放以来,我国经济取得了举世瞩目的发展成就,年均经济增长率处于9%以上的水平。我国经济在保持高速增长的同时,城乡居民的收入发生了深刻的变化,即居民的收入呈现出了不均衡的增长,从改革初期的适中合理的收入差距到现今的收入差距持续扩大,这种收入非均衡的增长在未来仍持续相当长的一段时期,它已经严重地影响到了我国宏观经济健康平稳的发展和社会和谐。因此,在我国现实的经济环境下,研究我国居民收入差距与经济增长之间的关系是十分必要的。本文首先梳理了收入差距与经济增长之间的“倒U型”理论及其发展,主要从从库兹涅茨的“倒U型”假说、区域经济发展不平衡的“倒U型”假说、刘易斯---费景汉---拉尼斯的两部门经济模型、以及区域经济的二元经济结构理论加以论述,这些理论进一步为本文分析我国居民收入差距与经济增长之间提供了有价值的研究基础。紧接着,本文根据前文的“倒U型”理论基础,研究了我国城乡居民收入差距伴随着经济发展的不同阶段所呈现出的时序征,即改革初期以农村为主的经济体制改革,居民收入差距趋于缩小态势；随着经济改革的重点由农村转移到城市,居民收入差距开始呈扩大趋势；这为下文分析我国居民收入差距的经济效应提供了事实依据。接下来,本文剖析了我国经济增长进程中收入差距的经济效应,主要从两个方面加以论述：一方面,合理的收入差距对经济增长产生正向经济效应,主要从物质资本积累效应、居民消费需求效应、资源配置优化效应加以剖析；另一方面,扩大的收入差距对经济增长产生负向经济效应,分别从物质资本投资的阻抑效应、人力资本积累、居民消费规模与结构,以及社会和谐稳定方面展开论述的。最后,本文根据我国居民收入差距与经济增长所呈现的现实依据,通过运用SVAR模型实证分析了我国居民收入差距与经济增长之间存在的关系,研究结果表明：居民收入差距与经济增长、投资需求、消费需求呈“倒U型”特征,进一步支持了本文的研究理论基础。同时本文也通过面板数据模型实证分析了我国区域间的居民收入差距与经济增长呈现“倒U型”特征,且从长期的角度来看,收入差距的差距在未来时期将会缩小,会改善经济在长期中均衡性的增长,这种均衡性的关系存在是可能的,但是需要相当长的一段时期才可能会实现。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up in 1978, China's economy has made remarkable achievements, with an average annual economic growth rate of more than 9%. At the same time, China's economy is growing at a high speed. The income of urban and rural residents has undergone profound changes, that is, the income of residents has shown uneven growth, from the moderate and reasonable income gap at the beginning of the reform to the continuous expansion of the current income gap. This income imbalance in the future is still a very long period of time, it has seriously affected the healthy and stable development of China's macro economy and social harmony. Therefore, in the actual economic environment of our country. It is necessary to study the relationship between income gap and economic growth. This paper firstly combs the "inverted U" theory and its development between income gap and economic growth, mainly from Kuznets'"inverted U" hypothesis and the "inverted U" hypothesis of unbalanced regional economic development. Lewis-Feicheng-Lanis's two-sector economic model and the dual economic structure theory of regional economy are discussed. These theories provide a valuable basis for this paper to analyze the income gap and economic growth in China. Then, according to the previous "inverted U-shaped" theoretical basis. This paper studies the time series of income gap between urban and rural residents with different stages of economic development, that is, the rural economic system reform in the early stage of reform, the income gap tends to narrow; As the focus of economic reform shifted from rural to urban, the income gap of residents began to expand; This provides a factual basis for the following analysis of the economic effects of income gap in China. Then, this paper analyzes the economic effects of income gap in the process of economic growth in China, mainly from two aspects: on the one hand, reasonable income gap has positive economic effects on economic growth. Mainly from the material capital accumulation effect, the resident consumption demand effect, the resources allocation optimization effect to analyze; On the other hand, the widening income gap has a negative economic effect on economic growth, from the inhibition effect of material capital investment, the accumulation of human capital, the consumption scale and structure of residents. And social harmony and stability. Finally, according to the income gap and economic growth of the real basis. Through the empirical analysis of the relationship between the income gap and economic growth in China by using the SVAR model, the results show that: the income gap of residents and economic growth, investment demand. Consumer demand is characterized by "inverted U" pattern. At the same time, through panel data model, this paper empirically analyzes the income gap and economic growth in different regions of China with the characteristics of "inverted U-shaped". And from a long-term perspective, the income gap will shrink in the future, will improve the economic growth in the long-term equilibrium, this equilibrium relationship is possible. But it will take quite a long time to achieve it.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F224

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