广州市商会在经济领域的举措研究（1930-1937）

发布时间：2018-01-28 10:42

本文关键词： 广州市商会挤兑风潮法币改革银业同业公会　出处：《南开大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近代中国商会是时代和经济变革的产物,也是中国资产阶级初步形成的重要标志。20世纪初年,清政府在内忧外患的夹击下,经济政策发生了明显的变化,被迫采取了一系列新措施促进工商实业的发展。就在清政府积极推行“新政”的时代背景下,中国近代商会在官方倡导和民间推动的双重合力下应运而生了。中国近代商会跨越了晚清、北京政府和南京政府三个时期,共存续了约半个世纪之久,在中国从传统社会向现代社会演进的过程中发挥了积极的作用。从已有的商会史研究成果来看,时间跨度主要集中于1928年之前,1928年之后的商会涉及不多；从研究的内容上来看,多数成果比较关注商会在政治参与、城市管理、商会与政府的关系等等方面,较少专门针对商会在经济领域的作用进行讨论的；从个案分析上看,目前主要集中于上海、天津、苏州、汉口等地的商会研究,而对同样作为民国四大商会之一的广州商会的研究则略显薄弱。身处自清末到民国的社会转型时期,商会的活动常常会超出其经济职能的范围,将其功能伸展到政治、地方自治、教育、公益事业等诸多领域,但经济功能才是商会的主要职能。有鉴于此,本文以原始档案和报刊资料为基础,以1930年代的广州市商会为研究对象,试图揭开广州市商会在1930至1937年期间的历史面貌,着重关注被国民政府改组后的广州市商会在经济领域的功能与举措。民国时期,广东是当时国内资本主义工商业最发达的省份之一,1904年清政府商部积极劝谕全国各地经济发达地区创办商会,1905年在广州原有的行会组织“七十二行”的积极推动下,成立了广州历史上的第一家商会“广州商务总会”,以“联络群情,开通民智,提倡激励,兴利除弊为宗旨”。受孙中山革命局势影响,到1920年代,广州市内竟然出现了多家商会并存的局面,各商会之间时有纠纷,局面纷乱。为统一商运,南京国民政府颁布《商会法》,训令广州市内各家商会限期进行合并改组,并于1931年2月成立新广州市商会,结束‘了商会纷乱的局面。新成立的广州市商会其权力虽被大大削弱,但依然作为广大工商业者的共同组织,在维护商民利益、推动经济发展、调和社会矛盾等方面都发挥了不可忽略的影响和作用。作为政府与广州市众多工商业者之间的中介和桥梁,广州市商会多次通过与政府之间的沟通和交涉,并积极采取各种措施在平息金融风潮、规范市场行为、维护市场秩序、调解工商纠纷等经济领域,发挥了重要的职能与作用,为广州近代社会经济的正常运行和良性发展做出了举足轻重的贡献。研究近代的商会对于今天的中国社会管理也有着积极的借鉴意义,随着目前工商业组织在社会的行业管理和行业自律方面发挥着越来越主动的作用,培育民间社会力量作为对政府功能的有效补充,不仅可以减轻社会运行的成本,减少社会摩擦,缓和社会矛盾,而且对规范市场管理和维护市场秩序,促进社会的稳定和谐,都具有积极的现实意义。
[Abstract]:The modern Chinese chamber of commerce is a product of social and economic change, an important symbol of.20 century is China bourgeois formed, the Qing government in the domestic trouble and foreign invasion under attack, changes in economic policy, a series of new measures to take to promote the development of industry and commerce. In the Qing government to actively implement the "New Deal" era under the background, China Modern Chamber of Commerce in the official and folk advocate double efforts to promote Chinese emerged. The modern chamber of commerce across the late Qing Dynasty, the government of Beijing and the government of Nanjing in three periods, the coexistence continued for about half a century ago, played a positive role in the process of Chinese evolution from the traditional society to the modern society.
From the existing research achievements in the history of the chamber of Commerce, the time span is mainly concentrated in 1928 before 1928 after the chamber of Commerce involved much; research from the content point of view, the majority of the achievements of concern in political participation in the city chamber of Commerce, chamber of Commerce and management, government relations and so on, less specifically for the role of chambers of Commerce in the economic field are discussed; from the case analysis, mainly concentrated in Shanghai, Tianjin, Suzhou, Hankou and other places of chamber of Commerce, and the same as the research of the Guangzhou chamber of Commerce in four of the chamber of commerce is slightly weak. Since the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China at the period of social transformation, the chamber of Commerce activities often go beyond the scope of its economic function it extends to the political function, local autonomy, public welfare, education, and other areas, but the economic function is the main function of the chamber of Commerce. In view of this, based on the original archives and newspapers. Based on the data, the chamber of Commerce in Guangzhou in 1930s was taken as the research object, trying to uncover the historical appearance of Guangzhou chamber of Commerce from 1930 to 1937, focusing on the functions and initiatives of Guangzhou chamber of Commerce in the economic field after the reorganization of the national government.
The period of the Republic of China, Guangdong is one of the most developed capitalist industry and Commerce provinces at that time, the Qing government in 1904 the Ministry of commerce actively advise the country economically developed areas in 1905, the founder of the chamber of Commerce, and actively promote the Guangzhou original Guild "all sorts of occupations", established the first chamber of Commerce "in the history of Guangzhou Guangzhou chamber of Commerce," "the contact, enlighten, advocate and incentive, for the purpose of" Sun Zhongshan revolution. The influence of the situation, to 1920s, the city of Guangzhou has a number of chamber of Commerce coexist, when there is a dispute between the chamber of Commerce, the situation chaos. Unified commercial operation, the Nanjing government promulgated the "law" of Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce, the chamber of Commerce instructions the deadline for the merger reorganization, and the establishment of the new Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce on February 1931, the end of the chamber of Commerce "chaotic situation. The newly established Guangzhou City Chamber of Commerce has been greatly weakened their power, But still as common organization of the industrialists and businessmen, in the maintenance of the interests of business, promote economic development, harmonious social conflicts and other aspects play a role and can not be ignored. As a bridge between the government and the city of Guangzhou many businesses, many times by the Guangzhou chamber of Commerce and communication between the government and the negotiations, and actively take various measures to quell the financial unrest, regulate market behavior, maintaining market order, industrial and commercial disputes mediation and other economic fields, play the function and role, has made important contributions for the normal operation of the social economy in modern Guangzhou and the benign development.
Study on the modern chamber of Commerce for Chinese social management today also has a positive reference, with the current industrial and commercial organizations in the social management and industry self-discipline play an increasingly active role in fostering social forces, as the effective supplement of the government function, not only can reduce the cost of social operation, reduce social friction. To alleviate the social contradiction, and to regulate the market management and maintaining market order, promoting social stability and harmony, has a positive practical significance.

【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F129

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