俄罗斯经济中的FDI：方式及效果评估

发布时间：2018-02-15 08:03

本文关键词： 外国直接投资俄罗斯经济投资环境世界贸易组织　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：外国直接投资(FDI)是发展中国家和转型经济国家的驱动力量之一,FDI有助于受援国经济获得额外的资本和技术,作为一个转型国家,俄罗斯在过去10年间,在接受外国直接投资的国家排行榜中的排位有所增强。现在,俄罗斯是全球外国直接投资流入最大的国家之一,特别是在2008年世界金融危机以后,俄罗斯吸引FDI的数量仍然保持了较高水平。俄罗斯最大的FDI母国是德国、荷兰、塞浦路斯、美国(依据实际使用FDI的项目数量)。不过,从另外一个角度讲,尽管俄罗斯吸引FDI有不断增长的趋势,但其对俄罗斯经济促进作用的有效性仍然较低。FDI的主要行业分布仍然是以矿产资源为主,近80%FDI进入了资源业和制造业,且FDI的主要部分是收益再投资。俄罗斯投资环境不是最有吸引力的,在”Doing business"评级中,俄罗斯排在179地位。外国投资者要想在俄罗斯开展一个新的业务有太多障碍,因此,只有大型企业的生存期较长。为了增加吸引FDI的数量并提高FDI的有效性,俄罗斯政府做出了持久努力,但仍然需要在减少官僚和腐败水平、刺激中小型企业发展、提高轻工业、汽车行业、农业、高科技等行业的竞争力等方面持续努力。 2012年8月俄罗斯加入世界贸易组织成为了刺激FDI流入和改善其结构的主要因素之一。首先,根据WTO的规定俄罗斯统一国内的标准,给予所有世贸组织成员与当地企业同样的权利,不受任何歧视。其中,最重要是纠纷解决方式的变化,现在所有的外国投资者和俄方之间的分歧可以解决交由WTO委员会来解决。这将有助于消除外国投资者对俄罗斯立法部门及官僚和腐败缺陷的担心。每个国家都希望收到有效促进其经济发展的投资。计算外国直接投资对接受国经济影响的方法很多,本文运用乘回归和柯布-道格拉斯生产函数计算了外国直接投资每1%增加对国内生产总值的影响,用以证明外国直接投资对东道国经济的重要性。
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the driving forces for developing countries and countries with economies in transition. FDI has helped recipient economies gain access to additional capital and technology. As a country in transition, Russia has been in transition for the past 10 years. The ranking of countries receiving foreign direct investment has increased. Russia is now one of the largest inflows of foreign direct investment in the world, especially after the world financial crisis in 2008. The number of FDI attracted by Russia remains high. Russia's largest home countries of FDI are Germany, the Netherlands, Cyprus and the United States. Although Russia has a growing trend of attracting FDI, its effectiveness in promoting the Russian economy is still relatively low. The main industry distribution of FDI is still dominated by mineral resources, and nearly 80I has entered the resource industry and manufacturing industry. And the main part of FDI is income reinvestment. The Russian investment climate is not the most attractive. Russia ranks 179th in the "Doing business" rating. There are too many obstacles for foreign investors to start a new business in Russia, so, The Russian government has made sustained efforts to increase the number of FDI attracted and the effectiveness of FDI, but still needs to reduce bureaucracy and corruption, stimulate small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve light industry. Automobile industry, agriculture, high-tech and other industries such as the competitiveness of sustained efforts. In August 2012, Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) became one of the main factors stimulating the inflow of FDI and improving its structure. First, according to the provisions of the WTO, Russia unified its domestic standards. Granting all WTO members the same rights as local enterprises, without discrimination of any kind... of which the most important is the change in the way in which disputes are resolved, Now all differences between foreign investors and Russia can be resolved by the WTO committee. This will help to allay foreign investors' concerns about flaws in Russia's legislature and bureaucracy and corruption. Each country wishes to receive investment that effectively promotes its economic development. There are many ways to calculate the impact of foreign direct investment on the economies of recipient countries, In this paper, the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on GDP per 1% increase is calculated by means of multiplicative regression and Cobb-Douglas production function, which is used to prove the importance of FDI to host country economy.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F835.12;F151.2

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