技术进步对收入差距扩大的作用机制与实证研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 06:46

本文关键词： 技术进步收入差距作用机制实证研究　出处：《福州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：技术进步是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,是一个国家核心实力的体现。知识经济时代,哪个国家拥有的专利更多,哪个国家掌握了核心科技,哪个国家在全球贸易中就处于有利的地位。然而在技术不断进步,经济飞速发展的同时,我国的收入差距却越来越大。改革开放以前我国是世界上少有的几个收入分配较为公平的国家之一。这种收入上分配的公平主要得益于当时的计划经济体制。改革开放后,国家实施的非均衡发展战略很大意义上促进了我国经济飞速发展,极大提高了人民群众的生活水平。但随着我国改革的不断深入,开放程度地不断提高,非均衡发展也造成了我国居民收入差距持续扩大。改革开放初期,我国的基尼系数处于O.3以下,属于收入比较平均的国家。1987年,基尼系数超过了0.3,2000年突破了O.4的警戒性,说明我国已经迈入了收入差距较大国家的行列,2010年则上升到0.47。本文在前人研究的基础上认为技术进步会加剧社会收入差距。通过对技术进步和收入差距相关理论的梳理,建立了技术进步对收入差距扩大的理论模型,技术进步对收入差距存在两方面效应：替代效应和指向性技术效应。当指向性技术效应大于替代效应时,技能溢价相对原来将上升。技术进步主要从三个方面来影响收入差距：一是劳动力技能水平的差别,技能偏向性技术进步会提高高技能工人的人力资本,而对低技能工人影响不明显,从而扩大二者之间的收入差距；二是地区贸易,地区间的收入差距与发达地区的技术创新率和技术转移率相关,当技术创新率大于技术转移率时,地区之间的相对工资率将增长；三是机会不均等,城乡教育机会不均等加剧了城乡收入差距,利润分享机会不均等加剧了垄断行业与非垄断行业收入差距,利益表达机制不均衡加剧了社会阶层间的收入差距。在实证研究中得出,技术进步与收入差距之间存在长期的均衡关系。广义技术进步和狭义技术进步都与收入差距正相关,误差修正系数为0.21,这说明存在一个正反馈机制,使技术进步加剧收入差距。动态效应检验得出,全要素生产率、发明专利和研究人员对收入差距对收入差距扩大有正向冲击效应,研发经费支出对收入差距扩大有负向冲击效应。通过方差分解得出,随着预测期的推移,基尼系数由自身扰动而引起的百分比缓慢下降,由全要素生产率、发明专利、RD经费支出和研究人员扰动而引起的百分比则缓慢上升。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is an inexhaustible driving force for a country's prosperity and development, and a reflection of a country's core strength. In the era of knowledge economy, which country has more patents and which country has mastered core science and technology, Which country is in a favorable position in global trade. But at the same time as technology is advancing and the economy is developing at a rapid pace, Before the reform and opening up to the outside world, China was one of the few countries in the world where income distribution was relatively fair. This kind of income distribution equity was mainly due to the planned economic system at that time. After the reform and opening up, The unbalanced development strategy implemented by the state has greatly promoted the rapid economic development of our country and greatly improved the living standards of the people. However, with the deepening of the reform in our country, the degree of openness has been continuously improved. At the beginning of reform and opening up, the Gini coefficient of our country is below O.3, which belongs to the country with average income. In 1987, the Gini coefficient exceeded 0.3, and in 2000, the Gini coefficient exceeded the alert of O.4. It shows that China has entered the ranks of countries with large income gap, but in 2010 it rose to 0.47.Based on the previous studies, this paper argues that technological progress will aggravate the social income gap. A theoretical model of the expansion of income gap by technological progress is established. There are two effects of technological progress on income disparity: substitution effect and directional technical effect, when the directional technical effect is greater than the substitution effect, The skill premium will rise from the original. Technological progress mainly affects the income gap from three aspects: first, the difference in the skill level of the labor force, the skill bias of technological progress will increase the human capital of highly skilled workers. However, the impact on low-skilled workers is not obvious, thus widening the income gap between the two. Secondly, the income gap between regions is related to the rate of technological innovation and technology transfer in developed regions, when the rate of technological innovation is greater than the rate of technology transfer, The relative wage rate between regions will increase. Third, unequal opportunities in urban and rural education have aggravated the income gap between urban and rural areas, and unequal opportunities for profit sharing have aggravated the income gap between monopoly and non-monopoly industries. In the empirical study, it is concluded that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship between the technological progress and the income gap. Both broad and narrow technological progress are positively related to the income gap. The error correction coefficient is 0.21, which indicates that there is a positive feedback mechanism to make technological progress aggravate the income gap. Invention patents and researchers have a positive impact on the income gap, and R & D expenditure has a negative impact on the income gap. The percentage of Gini coefficient caused by its own disturbance decreases slowly, while the percentage caused by total factor productivity, R D expenditure on invention patents and researchers' disturbance increases slowly.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.3;F124.7

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