基于内蒙古煤炭资源开发的草原生态补偿机制研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 07:12

本文关键词： 草原生态补偿煤炭资源开发　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：内蒙古从传统的游牧经济向现代工业经济演进过程中，煤炭开发为内蒙古的经济发展做出了重要的贡献，从2002-2009年内蒙古经济持续8年增长速度排在中国各省区第一位，大规模的煤炭资源开发对内蒙古经济的拉动作用功不可没，但与此同时也产生了一系列的生态环境问题，如资源过度开发、草原退化、环境污染等。近年来，内蒙古煤炭资源消耗量逐年增加，并且煤炭资源消耗在能源消耗比重仍然是最大的，这对内蒙古的草原环境保护提出了更高的要求。呼伦贝尔的煤炭矿区、锡林郭勒的煤炭矿区以及霍林河的煤炭矿区都恰好处于草原地区，怎样以最低的经济成本、环境成本和社会成本来确保煤炭资源的可持续开发利用和草原生态持续健康发展，成为内蒙古构建草原生态补偿机制的研究重点。煤炭资源开发拉动了内蒙古的经济增长，与此形成鲜明对比的是，，草原农牧民的收入没有得到相应的增加，这无形中挫伤了农牧民对草原生态环境保护的积极性；另外，草原是公共物品，这一属性也决定了开发利用草原上的煤炭资源将会造成负的外部性，如果不对其进行有效的管理和补偿，最终将会出现“公地悲剧”，因此构建草原生态补偿机制意义深远。本文借鉴国内外的研究成果，分析了内蒙古煤炭资源开发对草原生态系统破坏的状况，揭示了煤炭资源开发与草原生态环境保护问题的矛盾之所在，进一步分析了草原生态补偿与煤炭资源开发的互动机理，探寻原有草原生态补偿机制的缺陷和漏洞，通过比较和归纳提出了构建草原生态补偿机制的举措。文章主要围绕谁补偿谁、补偿的标准是什么以及如何补偿这三个问题进行论述，以机会成本和交易成本作为草原生态补偿的理论依据，不断完善草原生态补偿机制的补偿标准和定价机制。利用博弈方法对相关主体进行两两博弈分析，寻找博弈均衡解，为构建草原生态补偿提供政策支持。通过借鉴国外和其他省区的研究成果和现实经验，尝试构建新的草原补偿机制，逐步打破传统“输血型”草原生态补偿模式，逐渐向“造血型”草原生态补偿模式转变。
[Abstract]:In the process of Inner Mongolia's evolution from traditional nomadic economy to modern industrial economy, coal exploitation has made important contributions to the economic development of Inner Mongolia. From 2002 to 2009, Inner Mongolia's economy continued to grow for 8 years, ranking first in all provinces and regions of China. The large-scale development of coal resources has contributed to the economic development of Inner Mongolia, but at the same time, it has also produced a series of ecological and environmental problems, such as over-exploitation of resources, grassland degradation, environmental pollution, etc. In recent years, The consumption of coal resources in Inner Mongolia has increased year by year, and the proportion of coal resources consumed in energy consumption is still the largest, which puts forward higher requirements for the environmental protection of the grasslands in Inner Mongolia. The coal mining area of Xilinggol and the coal mining area of Huolin River are all located in the grassland area. How to ensure the sustainable development and utilization of coal resources and the sustainable and healthy development of grassland ecology with the lowest economic cost, environmental cost and social cost, It has become the focus of the study on the construction of grassland ecological compensation mechanism in Inner Mongolia. The exploitation of coal resources has driven economic growth in Inner Mongolia. In sharp contrast, the income of grassland farmers and herdsmen has not been increased correspondingly, which has virtually dampened the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to protect the grassland ecological environment; in addition, Grassland is a public good, this attribute also determines that the exploitation and utilization of coal resources on the grassland will cause negative externalities, if it is not effectively managed and compensated, Finally, there will be tragedy of Commons, so it is of great significance to construct grassland ecological compensation mechanism. Based on the research results at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the destruction of grassland ecosystem caused by the exploitation of coal resources in Inner Mongolia, and reveals the contradiction between the exploitation of coal resources and the protection of grassland ecological environment. The interactive mechanism of grassland ecological compensation and coal resource development is further analyzed, and the defects and loopholes of the original grassland ecological compensation mechanism are explored. By comparing and summing up the measures of constructing grassland ecological compensation mechanism, the article mainly focuses on who compensates who, what is the standard of compensation and how to compensate these three problems. With opportunity cost and transaction cost as the theoretical basis of grassland ecological compensation, the compensation standard and pricing mechanism of grassland ecological compensation mechanism are continuously improved. In order to provide policy support for the construction of grassland ecological compensation, this paper tries to construct a new grassland compensation mechanism by referring to the research results and practical experiences of foreign countries and other provinces and regions, and gradually breaks the traditional "transfusion type" grassland ecological compensation model. Gradually to the "blood type" grassland ecological compensation model change.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X37;F127

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