19世纪至20世纪初俄国的交通运输与经济发展

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:29

本文关键词： 俄国水路铁路商品流通经济发展　出处：《社会科学战线》2014年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：由于俄国的自然地理条件,到大力兴修铁路之前,水路运输长期唱主角,舟车之便将粮食、木材、盐、农副产品等大宗商品运至国内各地和出海口,大致满足了国内贸易和经济发展的需要。随着工业革命兴起,水路和畜力运输的局限性彰显无遗,已无力满足日益扩大的工业生产和商品交换的需要,运输革命成为工业革命的重要组成部分。大力兴修铁路成为俄国工业化的强有力杠杆,铁路网不断扩大,铁路运输能力不断提升。同时,蒸汽轮船的逐渐推广也为水路建设提供了良机。铁路和水路运输的相互配合和补充有效缓解了运输滞后的难题,大大提高了国内商品流通的速度与规模,有力地刺激了冶金、机器制造、采煤和石油业等重工业部门的技术进步,促进了交通枢纽及城市的发展和运输工人队伍的扩大,加快了工业革命的进程。交通运输的变化是俄国从农业社会向工业社会转变的重要因素,不可不察。
[Abstract]:Due to the natural and geographical conditions of Russia, before the construction of railways, the main role of waterway transportation for a long time was played, and the boats and wagons transported commodities such as grain, timber, salt, agricultural and sideline products to various parts of the country and to sea ports. Largely meeting the needs of domestic trade and economic development. With the rise of the industrial revolution, the limitations of waterways and livestock transport became so limited that they were no longer able to meet the growing needs of industrial production and the exchange of goods, The transportation revolution has become an important part of the industrial revolution. The construction of railways has become a powerful lever for Russian industrialization. The railway network has been expanding and the capacity of railway transportation has been improved. The gradual popularization of steam ships also provided a good opportunity for waterway construction. The mutual cooperation and supplement of railway and waterway transportation effectively alleviated the problem of lagging transport, greatly increased the speed and scale of domestic commodity circulation, and gave a strong impetus to metallurgy. Technological advances in the heavy industry sectors such as machine manufacturing, coal mining and oil have contributed to the development of transport hubs and cities and the expansion of the transport workforce. The change of transportation is an important factor in the transition from agricultural society to industrial society in Russia.
【作者单位】：吉林大学东北亚研究院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(11BSS018)
【分类号】：D751.2

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