中国城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 09:00

本文选题：城市空间形态　切入点：紧凑型城市　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：中国目前正面临着城市化道路转型和低碳发展的双重压力：一方面粗放式的城市化发展模式带来了诸多问题;另一方面城市居民生活能耗不断攀升,已成为碳排放的重要来源。这两个问题间存在着密切的关联：城市空间形态作为城市化的空间结果,通过影响居民的住宅选择和交通选择等,进而影响居民能耗及生活碳排放,通过调节城市空间形态要素的配置,如城市密度、紧凑度、土地利用结构等,可以有效降低居民生活碳排放。但不同城市空间形态对于居民生活碳排放的影响机制不同,需要科学分析城市空间形态的类型和特征、对居民生活碳排放的不同影响作用等问题,才能因地制宜的制定相应策略,达到城市减排降碳的目的。本文进行城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响的实证研究,以中国219个地级市为实证对象,对城市空间形态进行定量化描述并分类,研究不同城市空间形态对于居民生活碳排放的不同影响作用,并提出从城市空间形态优化角度,陶低居民生活碳排放的策略选择以及中国目前城市空间形态可能的演进方向,以期为建立“低碳城市”和实现“新型城镇化”发展提供理论和实践的参考。本文的主要研究内容包括： 1.构建中国城市空间形态识别模型(CUF)。本文选择从城市用地的结构和功能视角定义城市空间形态,通过对城市发展理论和实践的回顾,识别能够反映城市空间形态特征的关键性指标,构建中国城市空间形态识别模型(CUF)。CUF模型既是本文分析的基础,同时也可以为其他从城市空间形态和城市问题的研究提供借鉴和参考。 2.实证测度中国城市空间形态的主要类型和特征。基于CUF模型,以中国219个地级市为研究对象,以自组织特征映射网络(SOFM)为研究方法,将中国主要城市空间形态分为5类,并对不同类型城市空间形态的主要特征进行分析,对中国城市空间形态的现状进行总结归纳。 3.构建城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响机制模型。基于前人的研究成果,构建城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响的分析框架,揭示城市空间形态通过影响居民的交通选择和住宅选择,进而影响居民生活碳排放这一一般性规律；通过构建概念模型,分析城市空间形态要素中的城市密度、城市紧凑度和城市用地多样性,是如何决定居民交通选择的；通过构建数理模型,分析城市空间形态是如何通过交通费用和住宅费用间的“替代关系”决定居民住宅选择的。 4.实证研究中国城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放的影响作用。以中国219个地级市为研究对象,通过建立回归模型,实证研究中国城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放的影响作用；实证分析5类不同城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响作用的差异性,识别不同城市空间形态对居民生活碳排放影响的关键因素,为政策建议的提出提供依据。 5.提出面向低碳的城市空间形态优化策略。探讨如何通过建立紧凑和多功能城市、发展公交主导的交通体系、构建城市绿地系统等政策工具,来实现中国城市居民生活碳排放的源头控制、过程控制和结果控制；基于研究结果,提出以低碳发展为目标,中国目前5种城市空间形态可能的演进模式。
[Abstract]:Double pressure China is currently facing a city road transformation and low carbon development: city development pattern has extensive brought many problems; on the other hand, the rising energy consumption of city residents, has become an important source of carbon emissions. Between the two problems are closely linked: the space of city space as a form of the City, through the influence of residential and traffic selection, thereby affecting the residents living energy consumption and carbon emissions, by adjusting the elements of city space form configuration, such as city density, compactness, land use structure, can effectively reduce the carbon emissions of life residents. But the mechanism of different city spatial form for residents the life of carbon emissions, we must scientifically analyze the types and characteristics of city space form, the life of residents of different carbon emissions influence function, can to Should make corresponding strategies, achieve City carbon emission reduction objective. The empirical study of influence of city spatial form on the lives of the residents of carbon emissions, to Chinese 219 cities as the research object, the quantitative description and classification of city space, city spatial form of different effects on carbon emissions of residents living, and put forward the optimization of the city spatial form angle, strategy choice of low carbon living pottery and Chinese present city space form possible evolution direction, in order to establish a "low-carbon city" and "new urbanization" development to provide theoretical and practical reference.
The main contents of this paper are as follows:
1. building space form recognition model China city (CUF). This paper chooses land structure and function from the perspective of the definition of city space form from the city, through the review of city development theory and practice, identify key indicators can reflect the characteristics of city space form and building space form recognition of city China model (CUF) based.CUF model this is not only, but also for other research from the form and the city space problem and provide the reference.
2. empirical measure Chinese city space form of main types and characteristics. Based on the CUF model, to China 219 cities as the research object, the self-organizing feature map network (SOFM) as the research method, the main China city space form is divided into 5 categories, and the main characteristics of different types of city spatial morphology analysis Chinese, status of the city space form is summarized.
3. to construct the influence mechanism model of city spatial morphology on the lives of the residents of carbon emissions. Based on the previous research results, analysis framework of city spatial form influence on the lives of the residents of carbon emissions, revealing the city space form through the influence of transportation choice and residential residents choice, then affect the living carbon emissions of the general law; by constructing the concept model analysis of elements of city space form of city density, city compactness and city land use diversity, is how to determine the choice of residents traffic; by constructing mathematical model, analysis of city spatial form is how the cost of transportation and housing costs between "alternative relationship" decided to residential choice.
An empirical study of 4. Chinese city space form impact on the lives of the residents of carbon emissions. Chinese in 219 cities as the research object, through the establishment of regression model, an empirical study on China city spatial form on the impact of living carbon emissions; empirical analysis of 5 different types of city space form differences in the impact on residents life effect of carbon emissions and the key factors affecting the identification of different city spatial morphology on the lives of the residents of carbon emissions, providing a basis for policy recommendations.
5. put forward the optimization strategy for low carbon city spatial form. To explore how to build a compact and multifunctional City, the development of public transport leading transportation system, construction of city green space system and other policy tools, to achieve control of the source China city residents living on carbon emissions, process control and outcome control; based on the results of the study, put forward to low-carbon development as the goal, China currently 5 kinds of city spatial form evolution mode.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X321;F124;F224

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