对外贸易对我国城乡收入差距的影响分析

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:30

本文选题：货物对外贸易 + 服务对外贸易　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放30多年来,我国对外开放的范围和深度不断广化和深化,对外贸易的发展取得了十分辉煌的成就。然而,我国的收入差距逐渐增大。经济高速发展的同时,我国的居民收入差距增大的问题也日益明显,情况十分严峻。在我国,城乡收入差距问题尤其明显。城镇家庭平均每人可支配收入与农村居民家庭人均年纯收入之间的差距也在持续扩大。较早系统地研究国际贸易与收入差距的理论是赫克歇尔和俄林提出的要素禀赋论,又称赫克歇尔一俄林理论或H-O理论。在这个理论基础之上,萨缪尔森和斯托尔帕一起又提出了斯托尔帕—萨缪尔森定理。对外贸易影响我国城乡收入差距的途径主要有镇化机制、产业调整机制、技术进步机制、政策机制等。对外贸易会促进城镇化发展,而城镇化对我国城乡收入差距的影响是多层次的。一方面,城镇化提高了农村居民的收入水平,可能会缩小我国的城乡收入差距。而另一方面,城镇化可能会引起一部分富裕的农民直接转变为城市居民加大我国的城乡收入差距。参加国际贸易的国家其产业结构会受到对外贸易的影响。继而引起不同产业的劳动力收入情况的变化,并影响全社会的收入差距。在我国,特别是第三产业的快速发展对于城乡收入差距影响显著。对外贸易影响贸易国技术进步的同时,先进技术的引入也给该国社会带来就业、收入分配等多方面的影响。同样,参加国际贸易的国家其政策会有相应变化,而这种变化也可能影响到收入差距的变化。分别选用全国的时间序列数据和省级面板数据研究对外贸易对我国城乡收入差距的影响的实证分析表明无论是以贸易额还是贸易依存度来衡量,货物进出口贸易和服务进出口贸易与我国的城乡收入差距都有较为显著正相关。这说明对外贸易的发展对我国不同城镇居民和农村居民这两类主体的收入水平有着不一样的影响。货物对外贸易进口与我国的城乡收入差距之间存在显著的正相关,而货物出口贸易对我国城乡收入差距的影响不显著。再进一步的细分,初级产品进口、工业制成品进口以及工业制成品出口都与我国城乡收入差距之间都有显著正相关关系,而初级产品出口与我国城乡收入差距存在显著的负相关关系。对于东部地区,货物贸易进出口与城乡收入差距有显著正相关,而对于中部和西部地区,货物贸易进出口对城乡收入差距的影响不显著。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the scope and depth of our country's opening to the outside world have been continuously broadened and deepened, and the development of foreign trade has made very brilliant achievements. However, China's income gap is gradually increasing. With the rapid development of economy, the problem of increasing income gap is becoming more and more obvious, and the situation is very serious. In our country, the problem of urban-rural income gap is particularly obvious. The gap between the average per capita disposable income of urban households and the average annual net income of rural households is also widening. The theory of international trade and income gap is the factor endowment theory put forward by Herkschel and Olin, also known as the Hercule-Olin theory or H-O theory. On the basis of this theory, Samuelson and Stolpa put forward the Stolpa-Samuelson theorem. The main ways for foreign trade to affect the income gap between urban and rural areas in China include the mechanism of urbanization, the mechanism of industrial adjustment, the mechanism of technological progress, the mechanism of policy, and so on. Foreign trade will promote the development of urbanization, and urbanization has a multi-level impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. On the one hand, urbanization has raised the income level of rural residents and may narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the other hand, urbanization may cause some rich farmers to turn directly into urban residents to widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. The industrial structure of countries participating in international trade will be affected by foreign trade. Then it causes the change of labor income in different industries and affects the income gap of the whole society. In China, especially the rapid development of the tertiary industry has a significant impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. While foreign trade affects the technological progress of trading countries, the introduction of advanced technology also brings employment and income distribution to the society. Similarly, changes in the policies of countries participating in international trade may affect changes in income disparities. Using national time series data and provincial panel data, the empirical analysis of the impact of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China shows that both the trade volume and the degree of trade dependence are used to measure the impact of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas. There is a significant positive correlation between the import and export of goods and services and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. This shows that the development of foreign trade has a different impact on the income level of different urban residents and rural residents. There is a significant positive correlation between the foreign trade import of goods and the urban-rural income gap in China, but the influence of goods export trade on the urban-rural income gap is not significant. Further further segmentation, there is a significant positive correlation between imports of primary products, imports of manufactured goods and exports of manufactured goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. There is a significant negative correlation between primary product export and the income gap between urban and rural areas in China. For the eastern region, there is a significant positive correlation between the import and export of goods and the income gap between urban and rural areas, but for the central and western regions, the impact of import and export of goods trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas is not significant.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F752.6;F124.7

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