中国存量收入差距研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 04:15

本文选题：存量收入 + 基尼系数　；参考：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和社会的进步，对社会公平的关注程度逐渐上升，缩小收入差距的呼声越来越高。在当前的研究文献中，测度收入差距主要根据居民的年收入，众多研究成果表明中国的收入差距逐渐扩大，基尼系数呈上升趋势。在居民可以支配的收入中，年收入只是其中一部分，还包括在此之前留存的收入。因此在考察收入差距时，不仅要考察流量值的收入差距，还要考察存量值的收入差距，存量收入更能体现居民的经济实力，存量收入差距是真正意义上的收入差距。在年收入积累成存量收入的过程中，需要扣除流量收入中的漏出，将居民的消费从收入中扣除，由此需要研究消费对收入差距的影响。本文首先回顾了收入差距的测度指数和基尼系数的多种算法，在流量收入差距的基础上，定义了存量收入差距，给出了存量收入的基尼系数算法，将存量收入差距变动量分解为促进效应和稀释效应。研究发现，流量收入与存量收入的关系和收入来源与总收入的关系具有一致性，主要的差异在于集中指数和基尼系数在计算上的排序依据。为了解决这一问题，本文采取了利用分组数据的方式计算基尼系数，在分组依据上也有所创新，采用分位数的分组方法，这样就可以有效解决集中指数和基尼系数的差异，使得各年的基尼系数可以相加，最终得到存量收入的基尼系数。研究表明，存量收入的基尼系数是各年基尼系数的加权值，权重为各年收入总和与当前总收入的比值。在存量收入差距的影响因素分析中，首先研究了消费（收入漏出）对流量收入差距和存量收入差距的影响，通过面板数据模型，研究表明消费率与收入呈负相关关系。在此基础之上，分析表明这样的消费现象将扩大收入差距，剩余收入的收入差距大于流量收入的收入差距。进一步，本文分析了城市化率、城乡收入份额和城乡人均收入对存量收入的影响，研究了存量收入的发展趋势，分析表明存量收入差距在发展趋势上存在惯性，，在调整速度上存在滞后性。在理论研究的基础之上，本文对理论研究的结果进行了实证研究，在实证研究的过程中采用插值计算的方法解决了收入分布函数选择和估计上的问题，同时采用统计模拟的方法，克服了抽样上的障碍。实证研究表明，在1995-2011年期间，消费进一步扩大了每年的城镇收入差距，城镇居民收入的基尼系数平均提高了52.85%，以2011年城镇居民收入为例，扣除消费之前的基尼系数为0.3310，扣除消费后的基尼系数为0.4048。本文计算了1978-2011年的存量收入差距，2011年的存量收入的基尼系数为0.444，虽然从2009年以来，基尼系数有所下降，但存量收入的基尼系数并未下降，说明当前的存量收入差距存在惯性和滞后性，同时分别量化了促进效应和稀释效应。最后，结合本文研究的成果，总结了本文的研究结论，给出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of society, the attention to social equity is rising gradually, and the voice of narrowing the income gap is becoming higher and higher. In the current research literature, the income gap is mainly measured according to the annual income of the residents. Many research results show that the income gap in China is gradually expanding, and the Gini coefficient is on the rise. Annual income is only part of the income at the disposal of residents, including income retained prior to that. Therefore, when investigating the income gap, we should not only examine the income gap of the flow value, but also the income gap of the stock value. The stock income can better reflect the economic strength of the residents, and the stock income gap is the real income gap. In the process of annual income accumulation into stock income, the leakage of flow income should be deducted, and the consumption of residents should be deducted from income. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of consumption on income gap. In this paper, we first review the measurement index of income gap and the Gini coefficient algorithm. On the basis of the flow income gap, we define the stock income gap, and give the Gini coefficient algorithm of stock income. The stock income gap is decomposed into promotion effect and dilution effect. It is found that the relationship between flow income and stock income and the relationship between revenue source and total income are consistent, and the main difference lies in the ranking basis of centralization index and Gini coefficient. In order to solve this problem, this paper uses the method of grouping data to calculate the Gini coefficient, and innovates on the basis of grouping, and adopts the quantile grouping method, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentration index and the Gini coefficient. So that the Gini coefficient of each year can be added, and finally get the Gini coefficient of stock income. The research shows that the Gini coefficient of stock income is the weighted value of the Gini coefficient in each year, and the weight is the ratio of the sum of each annual income to the current gross income. In the analysis of the influencing factors of stock income gap, we first study the effect of consumption (income leakage) on the flow income gap and stock income gap. Through the panel data model, the research shows that the consumption rate has a negative correlation with income. On this basis, the analysis shows that such a phenomenon of consumption will expand the income gap, the income gap of surplus income is greater than the income gap of flow income. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the effects of urbanization rate, urban-rural income share and urban-rural income per capita on stock income, studies the development trend of stock income, and shows that there is inertia in the development trend of stock income gap. There is lag in adjusting speed. On the basis of theoretical research, this paper makes an empirical study on the results of theoretical research. In the process of empirical research, interpolation method is used to solve the problem of income distribution function selection and estimation. At the same time, the method of statistical simulation is used to overcome the obstacle of sampling. Empirical research shows that, in the period 1995-2011, consumption further widened the income gap between cities and towns, and the Gini coefficient of urban residents increased by 52.85 on average. Take the income of urban residents in 2011 as an example. The Gini coefficient before consumption is 0. 3310, and after consumption is 0. 4048. This paper calculates the stock income gap from 1978 to 2011. The Gini coefficient of stock income in 2011 is 0.444. Although the Gini coefficient has decreased since 2009, the Gini coefficient of stock income has not decreased. It shows that the current stock income gap has inertia and lag, and quantifies the promoting effect and dilution effect respectively. Finally, combined with the results of this study, this paper summarizes the conclusions of the study, and gives the corresponding policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F224

【参考文献】