经济转轨国家居民收入差距的演变及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-02 17:39

本文选题：转轨国家 + 基尼系数　；参考：《山东社会科学》2014年02期

【摘要】：经济转轨国家在进行市场化改革的过程中,无一例外地都经历了居民收入差距扩大,特别是转轨初期收入差距呈明显快速上升的过程。虽然经济转轨国家收入差距的变化趋势不尽相同,但有一个共同点,即这些国家在推行经济改革后收入差距都不同程度的扩大了。究其原因,经济转轨推行的价格自由化引起通货膨胀居高不下,国有企业私有化使财富迅速向少数权贵手中集中,法制不健全致使腐败蔓延,劳动力市场灵活化使失业增加、贫困加剧以及社会保障水平下降等因素,共同推动了经济转轨国家在转轨初期贫富差距的扩大。不过,捷克共和国转轨初期居民收入差距相对较小,关键在于其政府积极干预经济,充分发挥了监管、协调的作用。中国可以借鉴捷克共和国的经验,积极作为,有效控制居民收入差距。
[Abstract]:In the process of market-oriented reform, the economic transition countries have experienced the expansion of income gap, especially in the early stage of transition. Although the change trend of income gap is not the same in the countries with economic transition, there is one thing in common, that is, the income gap in these countries has widened in varying degrees after the implementation of economic reform. The reason is that the price liberalization carried out in the economic transition has caused high inflation, the privatization of state-owned enterprises has rapidly concentrated wealth in the hands of a small number of powerful people, the lack of a sound legal system has led to the spread of corruption, and the flexibility of the labour market has led to an increase in unemployment. Factors such as increasing poverty and decreasing social security level have jointly promoted the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor in the early stage of the transition. However, the income gap of the Czech Republic is relatively small at the initial stage of transition. The key lies in the government's active intervention in the economy and its role of supervision and coordination. China can learn from the experience of the Czech Republic, actively act to effectively control the income gap.
【作者单位】：武汉大学政治与公共管理学院;武汉大学社会保障研究中心;
【基金】：武汉大学自主科研项目“中国国民收入分配改革的难点和重点问题研究”的阶段性研究成果 “中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金”的资助
【分类号】：F113.8

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