发展中国家资本主义的新特征与新趋势

发布时间：2018-05-06 10:57

本文选题：发展中国家 + 资本主义　；参考：《政治经济学评论》2014年04期

【摘要】：资本主义相关问题的研究多集中在欧美等发达国家,而对发展中国家资本主义的探讨较少。发展中国家资本主义的产生和发展都与发达国家不同,特别是随着电子信息技术的不断应用,发达国家生产力水平得到空前的发展,信息化和网络化为资本主义生产向全球的扩张创造了便利的条件,客观上要求生产关系也随之变化。从20世纪80年代开始,新自由主义席卷全球,发展中国家在生产资料所有制、劳资关系、资本间关系等方面产生了新的变化,出现了全面私有化但效果甚微、强资本与弱劳工的阶级关系、不断加深的对外依附、不断加剧的"数字鸿沟"等新特征。但是,新自由主义并没有如预期那样促进发展中国家经济和社会的发展,反而使失业率、贫困率上升,加剧了发展中国家的贫富差距,带来了接二连三的债务危机、金融危机和经济危机,导致了经济的下滑,甚至引发了社会的动荡不安。因此,进入21世纪,发展中国家的资本主义呈现出新的发展理念的提出、政府作用的回归、南南合作的加强等新趋势,但也面临着难以摆脱的对外依附、难以克服的贫富分化、难以摆脱的贫穷动荡等挑战,发展中国家应做好长期斗争的准备。
[Abstract]:Most of the studies on capitalism are focused on developed countries such as Europe and America, but less on capitalism in developing countries. The emergence and development of capitalism in developing countries are different from those in developed countries, especially with the continuous application of electronic and information technology, and the level of productivity in developed countries has developed unprecedentedly. The informationization and the network turn into the capitalist production to the global expansion has created the convenient condition, objectively requests the production relations also to change along with it. Since the 1980s, neoliberalism has swept the world. In developing countries, new changes have taken place in the ownership of means of production, labor relations, capital relations, etc. The class relationship between strong capital and weak labor, the ever-deepening dependence on foreign countries, and the growing digital divide and so on. However, instead of promoting the economic and social development of developing countries as expected, neoliberalism has led to an increase in unemployment and poverty, exacerbating the gap between the rich and the poor in developing countries and leading to a series of debt crises. Financial crisis and economic crisis, led to the economic downturn, and even triggered social unrest. Therefore, in the 21st century, capitalism in developing countries presents a new trend, such as putting forward a new concept of development, returning the role of government, strengthening South-South cooperation, and so on, but it is also faced with an inextricable dependence on the outside world and an intractable polarization between the rich and the poor. Developing countries should be prepared for long-term struggles, such as the intractable challenges of poverty.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学思想政治教育学院;
【基金】：“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”阶段性成果(项目编号:2014XJ026))
【分类号】：F112.1

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