日本技术进步的国际渠道研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 09:51

本文选题：日本 + 技术进步　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：一个国家促进自身技术进步的途径有两条：一条是提升本国的科研能力同时加大科研投入力度，依靠自身的力量来提高本国的技术水平。另一条是通过引进外国的先进技术，并对其进行消化吸收，以此来提高本国的技术水平。一国吸收外国的先进技术是通过各种国际渠道来实现的，比如购买外国的专利技术、进口内含先进技术的资本品和中间品、进行对外直接投资和本国留学生出国留学等。这就形成了一个国家促进自身技术进步的外国专利渠道、进口贸易渠道、对外直接投资渠道和留学生渠道。其中，外国专利渠道是技术本身（专利）的跨国转移，它不以任何物质为载体。其他三条渠道是间接渠道，分别以商品、资本和人为载体进行技术转移。事实上，一直以来各国都通过吸收外国的先进技术来提升本国的技术水平。日本就是依靠吸收他国先进技术来迅速提高本国技术水平，进而促进经济高速增长以及经济结构升级的典型例子之一。战后，日本不遗余力的吸收欧美等国的先进技术，这极大的促进了战后日本经济的高速增长。从1950年到1970年，日本经济实现了二十年的高速增长，这期间，年均经济增长率达到9.7%。在经济起飞阶段的1956年，日本的国内生产总值还名列印度和加拿大之后，位于世界第七位，但到了1968年日本一跃成为西方世界第二大经济强国，创造了所谓的“日本奇迹”，此后日本一直位于世界经济强国之列，这与日本重视通过国际渠道来吸收外国的先进技术密不可分。因此，历史证明日本的技术引进与吸收是十分成功的。本文研究的对象就是日本吸收外国先进技术来促进本国技术进步的各条国际渠道。该研究领域在学术界被称为国际技术溢出，目前该领域的研究以实证检验为主，其主流的检验模型是由Lichtenberg，F.和B.van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie（LP）两人于1998年建立的LP计量模型。本文采用该计量模型结合最新数据，，分别对外国专利渠道、进口贸易渠道、对外直接投资渠道和留学生渠道促进日本技术进步的效果进行了实证检验。除此之外，本文还对每条国际渠道促进本国技术进步的作用机理进行了拓展，并搭建了分析各条国际渠道作用效果的影响因素分析框架，还在该框架下结合日本的具体国情分析了导致各条国际渠道促进日本技术进步效果大小的具体原因。最后，在对四条国际渠道进行了详细的研究之后，得出了研究结论并给出了对于中国的启示。本文的研究结果显示：一、日本全要素生产率对通过外国专利渠道、进口贸易渠道、对外直接投资渠道和留学生渠道吸收的外国研发资本存量的弹性都相对较大。也就是说，以此标准判断，四条国际渠道确实起到了促进日本技术进步的作用；二、从具体的实证检验结果可以看出，外国专利渠道和进口贸易渠道在促进日本技术进步的各条国际渠道中发挥着主要作用，对外直接投资渠道和留学生渠道则发挥辅助作用。本文研究与前人研究的区别在于：一、以国际视角研究日本的技术进步，在传统的贸易和投资渠道基础上，增加了外国专利渠道和留学生渠道；二、在研究传统的贸易和投资渠道时，拓展了对传导机制和影响因素的研究，并且结合日本的国情对实证结果进行了具体的分析；三、在详细的研究了各个国际渠道的基础之上，在结论部分通过比较分辨出了哪些渠道在促进日本技术进步方面起主要作用，哪些渠道起辅助作用；四、在对各个国际渠道的技术传导效果进行实证检验时，统一的采用了LP计量方法。
[Abstract]:There are two ways for a country to promote its own technological progress: one is to improve its scientific research capacity and to increase its investment in scientific research, and to improve its technical level by relying on its own strength. The other is to improve its technical level by introducing foreign advanced technology and digesting it to improve its technical level. Foreign advanced technology is realized through various international channels, such as the purchase of foreign patent technology, the import of advanced technology capital goods and intermediate goods, foreign direct investment and foreign students studying abroad. This has formed a foreign patent channel for the country to promote its technological progress, import trade channels, Foreign direct investment channels and foreign students channel. Among them, the foreign patent channel is the transnational transfer of technology itself (patent). It does not take any material as the carrier. The other three channels are indirect channels, and the technology transfer is carried out with goods, capital and human carrier respectively. In fact, all the countries have been promoted by absorbing foreign advanced technology all the time. Japan is one of the typical examples of rapid economic growth and economic structure upgrading by absorbing the advanced technology of other countries. After the war, Japan has spared no effort to absorb advanced technology from Europe and the United States and other countries, which greatly promoted the rapid growth of the post-war Japanese economy. From 1950 From 1970 to 1970, the Japanese economy achieved a high speed growth of twenty years. In this period, the annual economic growth rate reached 9.7%. in the period of economic take-off in 1956. Japan's GDP was also ranked as the seventh place in the world after India and Canada, but in 1968 Japan became the second largest economic power in the western world. The "Japanese miracle", which has since been listed in the world's economic power, is closely related to Japan's attention to absorbing foreign advanced technology through international channels. Therefore, history has proved that Japan's technology introduction and absorption are very successful. The object of this study is that Japan absorbs foreign advanced technology to promote its own technology. All the international channels for progress.
The research field is known as international technology spillover in the academic field, and the research in this field is mainly based on empirical test. The mainstream test model is the LP measurement model established by two people of Lichtenberg, F. and B.van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie (LP) in 1998. This paper uses this model to combine the latest data to the foreign patent channels. The effect of import trade channels, foreign direct investment channels and foreign students' channels to promote Japanese technological progress has been tested. Besides, this paper also expands the mechanism of each international channel to promote national technological progress, and builds an analysis framework to analyze the influence factors of the effects of various international channels. In this framework, the specific reasons for the effect of various international channels on promoting the effect of Japanese technological progress are analyzed in combination with the specific national conditions of Japan. Finally, after a detailed study of the four international channels, the research conclusions are drawn and the enlightenment to China is given.
The results of this study show that the elasticity of total factor productivity in Japan is relatively large for foreign R & D capital stock absorbed through foreign patent channels, import trade channels, foreign direct investment channels and foreign students' channels. That is to say, four international channels have indeed promoted Japanese technological progress by this standard. Two, from the specific empirical test results, we can see that foreign patent channels and import trade channels play a major role in various international channels to promote Japanese technological progress, while the channel of foreign direct investment and the channels for foreign students play an auxiliary role.
The difference between this study and previous research lies in the following: first, to study the technological progress of Japan in an international perspective, increase the channel of foreign patent and the channel of foreign students on the basis of traditional trade and investment channels; two, to study the traditional trade and investment channels, and expand the research on the transmission mechanism and influencing factors, and combine with Japan. The actual situation of the actual results of the concrete analysis of the results; three, on the basis of the detailed study of the various international channels, in the conclusion part through a comparative identification of which channels play a major role in promoting technological progress in Japan, which channels play an auxiliary role; four, in the various international channels of the technical transmission effect is real. When the certificate is tested, the LP measurement method is adopted in a unified way.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F131.3

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