基于开发区生命周期理论的国家级经开区与高新区发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 21:26

本文选题：国家级开发区 + 生命周期理论　；参考：《华中科技大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：基于国家级开发区生命周期理论对经开区和高新区的产业发展、空间溢出效应、经济增长效率及方式、区域创新系统等各个方面的研究能够揭示国家级开发区的发展规律并找到最优发展模式，优化落后地区的发展路径。因此，本文通过对国家级开发区二十几年发展历程的回顾以及重新审视，以期从更为宏观的角度研究经开区和高新区的发展特点，二者发展的共性与差异，，最后针对两类国家级开发区的阶段特色提出差异化的产业政策。（1）开发区生命周期理论基于以上认知，本文首先将国家级开发区的生命周期理论同产业生命周期理论、企业生命周期理论和技术生命周期理论结合起来，建立更为宏观的生命周期理论框架，并针对几类生命周期理论间的包络关系进行探讨。高新区的发展主要依靠技术生命周期，而经开区的发展则主要依靠产业生命周期。另外，国家级开发区的生命周期特征明显，因此可以根据特殊的产业政策、发展目标，更合理地对国家级开发区进行阶段定位。（2）专业化生产与产业结构趋同为明确国家级开发区成长期的发展差异，本文采用了一定统计方法对国家级开发区的主导产业发展现状和产业趋同情况进行了研究。经过地区专业化指数的测度发现，传统主导产业分布相对均匀，地区专业化程度差异不大，但战略性新兴产业的地区专业化程度差异非常大：化工行业和家电制造产业虽然生产集中，但集中地区的专业化生产程度并不高，生物医药产业虽然在全国都有分布，但主要专业化生产集中在某些发达地区，数字技术、海洋产业、物联网和创意文化产业的地理集中和专业化程度相吻合。选择战略性新兴产业作为主导产业的国家级开发区存在着很明显的产业结构趋同，这种趋同不仅出现在同类开发区之间，而且蔓延到经开区和高新区。所以优化产业结构，培养比较优势是两类国家级开发区实现互补协同发展的最优方法。（3）生产效率及增长途径差异首先，经开区及高新区的随机前沿生产函数方程均没有通过时变的技术有效性检验，中性技术进步特征并不显著，随着时间的推移，两类开发区的技术效率均无明显的提升。其次，通过随机前沿生产函数估计和全要素生产率的分解我们发现，经开区和高新区的发展驱动力显著不同。在发展初期，优惠政策是二者发展的主要动力，但在成熟期，经开区主要依靠规模经济效应，而高新区主要通过资源配置来达到优化发展。因此，经开区应主要采用立足本土产业引进外来技术的产业政策，而高新区则更多运用依靠资源培育优势产业的发展模式。另外，劳动力市场扭曲限制了国家级开发区的发展，特别限制了经开区的发展。（4）国家级开发区的空间溢出效应经过空间自相关指数Moran’s I测算发现，新经济地理学的假定依然成立：在存在运输成本和不完全竞争条件下，地域溢出效应随着距离的增加而减弱。同时局部Moran’s I指数揭示，经开区的辐射域更广，且大部分地区位于高增长高滞后象限，从经济发展和产业链的角度所观测到的对周围地区的辐射能力更显著。经过空间计量回归模型估计后发现，在地区带动发展潜力方面，高新区以本地区经济增长带动毗邻区域经济增长的直接溢出效应的边际影响为6%，溢出机制主要源于固定资产投入、研发投入和人力资本流动，技术扩散的效果更为显著。经开区方面，以非经济增长的随机扰动因素带动毗邻地区经济发展的间接溢出效应的冲击强度为5%，溢出途径主要依靠地区专业化生产，经开区技术扩散的能力被高估，但产业溢出渠道的影响力被低估。（5）区域创新系统是国家级开发区创新能力培育的重要依托在初创期的国家级开发区，适宜采用政府主导的创新系统模式，采用技术政策促进国家级开发区的创新能力，“马歇尔”外部性效果较为显著；在成长期的国家级开发区，学习型的区域创新系统更利于其发展，科学政策效果较好；成熟期的国家级开发区，创新政策的促进效果增强，产业多样化带来的“雅各布”外部性能够显著促进技术扩散和溢出。（6）产业政策的失效国家级开发区的产业政策还因特殊的制度背景、主体资格不够明晰、寻租行为和委托—代理问题等因素的影响，执行力大打折扣。首先，目前相对固定的考核制度和分权博弈体系非常不利于现有的产业政策对国家级开发区做出正确的路径指导，地方政府会为了短期利益和更大的分权尺度向以数量为纲的考核标准靠拢，同时寻租式的招商引资模式和政策实行时存在的委托—代理问题进一步导致了国家级开发区的资源浪费。其次，指标体系没有起到正确的规划作用。全国所有的开发区一类评价标准更不利于落后的开发区推进跨越式发展战略。应当对产业指标体系按照国家级开发区的发展阶段进行分层。在没有采取合理的产业政策下，税收流失和地方福利的扭曲是国家级开发区的损失表现。故强化政策执行与保障相关立法是国家级开发区发展的另一项重要措施。总而言之，现阶段实施的产业政策对于高新区和经开区而言差别不大，经开区与高新区趋同的产业政策必然导致趋同的产业结构。因此，为实现高新区和经开区的有效、合理、长远发展，应实施差异化管理，分而治之，做到产业政策有针对性，战略定位有阶段特色。
[Abstract]:Based on the life cycle theory of the National Development Zone, the research on the industrial development, the spatial spillover effect, the economic growth efficiency and the way, the regional innovation system and so on, can reveal the development rule of the National Development Zone and find the optimal development mode and optimize the development path of the backward areas. Review and re-examine the development process of the national development zones in the past twenty years, in order to study the characteristics of the development of the open area and high and new zones from a more macro perspective, the generality and differences of the two development, and finally put forward the differentiated production policies for the stage characteristics of the two types of national development zones.
(1) the life cycle theory of the Development Zone
Based on the above cognition, this paper first combines the life cycle theory of the National Development Zone with the industrial life cycle theory, the enterprise life cycle theory and the technology life cycle theory, to establish a more macro framework of the life cycle theory, and to discuss the envelopes of several kinds of life cycle theories. Depending on the technical life cycle, the development of the open area depends on the life cycle of the industry. In addition, the life cycle of the National Development Zone is obvious, so it can develop the target according to the special industrial policy and make the stage positioning of the National Development Zone more reasonably.
(2) the convergence of professional production and industrial structure
In order to clarify the development difference of the National Development Zone, this paper uses a certain statistical method to study the status of the leading industry development and the industrial convergence of the National Development Zone. Through the measurement of regional specialization index, the distribution of traditional leading industries is relatively uniform and the degree of specialization in the region is not very different, but the strategic new There are great differences in the degree of specialization in the areas of Xing Industry: Although the chemical industry and the household appliance manufacturing industry are concentrated in production, the degree of specialized production in the concentrated areas is not high. Although the bio pharmaceutical industry is distributed throughout the country, the major specialized production is concentrated in some developed areas, digital technology, marine industry, the Internet of things and creative writing. The geographical concentration and specialization of the chemical industry is consistent with the degree of specialization. There are obvious industrial structure convergence in the national development zones of selecting strategic emerging industries as the leading industries. This convergence not only occurs between the same kind of development zones, but also spreads to the open area and high and new zones. Therefore, the optimization of industrial structure and the cultivation of comparative advantages are the two types of countries. The best way to achieve complementary and coordinated development of home development zones.
(3) differences in production efficiency and growth ways
First, the stochastic frontier production function equations of both the open area and the high and new zone have not passed the time-varying technical validity test. The characteristics of the neutral technological progress are not significant. The technical efficiency of the two types of development zones has no obvious promotion with the time. Secondly, the estimation of the stochastic frontier production function and the decomposition of the total factor productivity are obtained. It is found that the driving force of the development zone and the high and new zone is significantly different. In the early stage of development, the preferential policy is the main driving force for the development of the two. However, in the mature period, the economic effect is mainly dependent on the economic effect, while the high and new zone mainly through the allocation of resources to achieve the optimal development. Therefore, the opening area should mainly adopt the native industry to introduce foreign technology. In addition, the distortion of the labor market restricts the development of the National Development Zone, especially the development of the open area.
(4) the spatial spillover effect of the National Development Zone
The spatial autocorrelation index Moran 's I estimates that the hypothesis of new economic geography is still established: the regional spillover effect decreases with the increase of distance in the existence of transportation cost and incomplete competition. Meanwhile, the local Moran' s I index reveals that the radiated domain of the open area is wider, and most of the regions are in high growth Gao Zhihou. The quadrant, observed from the perspective of economic development and industrial chain, is more prominent in the radiation ability of the surrounding areas. After the estimation of the spatial econometric regression model, it is found that the marginal effect of the direct connection spillover effect of the region's economic growth on the economic growth of the adjacent regions is 6%, and the spillover mechanism is dominated by the regional economic growth potential. The effect of technology diffusion is more significant due to the investment of fixed assets, R & D investment and human capital flow. The impact intensity of indirect spillover effects of non economic growth on the indirect spillover effect of economic development in adjacent areas is 5% through the open area. The way of spillover mainly depends on the specialized production in the region and the ability to spread through the open area technology. Overestimated, but the influence of the industry spillover channel is underestimated.
(5) regional innovation system is an important support for the cultivation of innovation capability in state-level development zones.
In the initial stage, the state level development zone is suitable to adopt the government led innovation system model, and adopt the technical policy to promote the innovation ability of the national level development zone. "Marshall" externality effect is more remarkable. In the growing national development zone, the learning type regional innovation system is more beneficial to its development, the scientific policy effect is better and mature. In the period of national development zones, the promotion effect of innovation policy is enhanced, and the externality of "Jacob" brought about by industrial diversification can significantly promote technology diffusion and spillover.
(6) the failure of industrial policy
The industrial policy of the National Development Zone is also influenced by the special institutional background, the incompetence of the main body, the rent-seeking behavior and the principal-agent problem. First, the relative fixed assessment system and the decentralization game system are very bad for the existing industrial policies to make the right way to the National Development Zone. In the direction of the path, the local government will draw close to the evaluation criteria of quantity based on the short-term benefits and greater decentralization. At the same time, the rent-seeking investment model and the principal-agent problem existing in the implementation of the policy further lead to the waste of resources in the National Development Zone. Secondly, the index system has not played a correct planning role. The evaluation standards of all the development zones in the country are not conducive to the development strategy of the backward development zone. The industrial index system should be stratified according to the development stage of the National Development Zone. In the absence of reasonable industrial policies, the loss of tax revenue and the distortion of local welfare are the loss performance of the national development zones. Policy implementation and protection related legislation is another important measure for the development of state-level development zones.
In a word, the industrial policies implemented at the present stage have little difference between the high and new zones and the open areas, and the industrial policies that converge through the open area and the high and new zones will inevitably lead to the convergence of the industrial structure. Therefore, in order to achieve the effective, reasonable and long-term development of the high and new zones and the open area, the differential management should be implemented and the industrial policy should be targeted. Sex, strategic positioning has a stage characteristic.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127.9

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