中国后发展地区的界定与低碳发展策略

发布时间：2018-05-15 21:42

本文选题：后发展地区 + 低碳发展　；参考：《中国人口.资源与环境》2014年02期

【摘要】：后发展地区的低碳发展道路问题是我国经济发展在当前形势下所面临的现实而迫切的重大课题,本文对后发展地区低碳发展路径这一战略问题展开探索性研究。首先,综合各研究文献对地区发展水平界定的指标体系,选取经济总体水平、工业化、城镇化以及资源环境四大类综合指标对全国31个省区市的发展水平做出评分与界定。从综合指标分析结果来看,全国除广东、北京、浙江、江苏、天津、上海6个省市以外,其他25个省市均处于后发展阶段,其中20个省市处于中后发展阶段,5个省市处于落后发展阶段。然后,结合2010年各地区经济发展与能源消费情况从能源强度、产业结构、能源效率等方面对后发展地区的低碳发展现状作出分析,表明:我国各省区市能源强度差异很大,后发展地区单位GDP能源强度普遍高于先发展地区,高耗能工业的比例以及工业单位产值能耗普遍高于全国平均水平,其中部分地区超出全国平均水平的2-3倍之多,反映出后发展地区经济结构的高能耗化以及能源利用效率的相对较低的发展现状。最后,在现状分析的基础上,对后发展地区低碳发展的特征做出总结,包括:发展仍然是后发展地区的首要任务,但发展空间受到挤压,能源环境约束明显;高碳产业短期内呈刚性增长,产业结构调整难度较大,资金、技术支撑不足;后发展地区普遍拥有较大的减排潜力与空间,减排成本相对较低;大部分后发展地区还拥有丰富的清洁能源资源,清洁能源应用空间大。按照"共同但有区别责任"的原则,结合后发展地区当前经济发展阶段的必然要求、自身资源禀赋的特点以及未来可持续发展的长远布局,提出建议:后发展地区的低碳发展道路应该按照"高碳产业低碳化、低碳产业支柱化、能源结构清洁化、碳汇资源商品化、区域布局功能化"五个方面统筹发展。
[Abstract]:The problem of low-carbon development path in the post-development area is a realistic and urgent task facing the economic development of our country under the current situation. This paper makes an exploratory study on the strategic problem of the low-carbon development path in the post-development area. First of all, synthesizing the index system of the definition of regional development level in the research literature, selecting the overall economic level, industrialization, urbanization and resources and environment four categories of comprehensive indicators to make a score and definition of the development level of 31 provinces and municipalities in China. According to the results of the comprehensive index analysis, the other 25 provinces and cities in the whole country, except 6 provinces and cities in Guangdong, Beijing, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Shanghai, are all in the post-development stage. Among them, 20 provinces and cities are in the middle and later stage of development, and 5 provinces and cities are in the backward stage of development. Then, according to the economic development and energy consumption in various regions in 2010, the paper analyzes the current situation of low-carbon development in the post-development areas from the aspects of energy intensity, industrial structure, energy efficiency, etc. It shows that the energy intensity of provinces, regions, and cities in China is very different. The energy intensity per unit GDP in post-development areas is generally higher than that in pre-developed areas, the proportion of high-energy-consuming industries and the energy consumption per unit of industrial output are generally higher than the national average, and some areas are 2-3 times higher than the national average. It reflects the high energy consumption of the economic structure and the relatively low energy use efficiency in the post-development area. Finally, based on the analysis of the current situation, the characteristics of low-carbon development in post-development areas are summarized, including: development is still the primary task of post-development areas, but the development space is squeezed, energy and environment constraints are obvious; High-carbon industry has a rigid growth in the short term, the adjustment of industrial structure is difficult, the funds and technical support are insufficient, the post-development areas generally have larger emission reduction potential and space, and the cost of emission reduction is relatively low. Most of the post-development areas also have abundant clean energy resources, clean energy application space is large. In accordance with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", combined with the inevitable requirements of the current stage of economic development in post-development areas, the characteristics of their own natural resources and the long-term layout of their future sustainable development, Some suggestions are put forward: the low carbon development road in the post-development areas should be developed in accordance with five aspects: low carbon industry, clean energy structure, commercialization of carbon sink resources, and regional layout functionalization.
【作者单位】：清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院;
【基金】：科技部“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“气候变化国际谈判与国内减排关键支撑技术研究与应用”课题七“我国中长期低碳发展战略研究”(编号:2012BAC20B07)
【分类号】：F124;F205

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