中国与伊斯兰世界“新丝绸之路”的兴起

发布时间：2018-05-16 20:05

本文选题：中国 + 伊斯兰世界　；参考：《复旦大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：古代海陆丝绸之路作为中国与(中东和中亚)伊斯兰世界之间的贸易之路、文化之路和信仰之路,曾是近代西方世界兴起之前全球最重要的地缘经济组合和宗教文化纽带。在陷入数百年的沉寂之后,新世纪以来,中国与伊斯兰世界之间的贸易通道再次得到了激活。各种商品、人员、资金的快速流动,陆上跨境公路、铁路、管道等战略性基础设施的互联互通,义乌、广州等东部沿海地区再度活跃的中东商人、新“蕃坊”和清真寺,新疆、宁夏等西北省份在国家“向西开放”进程中的巨大潜力,以及中国对伊斯兰世界石油天然气的高度依赖……种种迹象表明,“新丝绸之路”正在海洋和陆地两个地缘空间同时兴起。那么,如何理解这一系列重要进展得以兴起的条件、逻辑和影响呢?这正是本文所要着力探讨的问题。通过对古代丝绸之路地缘(海洋和陆地)、贸易(商品与货币)、信仰(伊斯兰化)的深入考察,本文获得了观照“新丝绸之路”兴起的历史视野和研究视角。在充分借鉴既有学术成果的基础上,本文广泛利用各种一手文献、访谈和田野调查,勾勒并剖析了海陆“新丝绸之路”的表现形式和内在机理。本文的研究认为,“新丝绸之路”的兴起同时受到双重逻辑的推动和制约：(1)石油、美元与“中国制造”三者间的全球流动；(2)中国区域和地缘战略的既有结构及其内在调整。正是在此意义上,“新丝绸之路”不是历史的简单再现,而是深嵌于当代中国的国家发展战略和国际政治经济的权力结构之中,古代丝绸之路的部分历史遗产正是在这一系列宏观语境下才得以被激活与重组。对于义乌、广州和新疆、宁夏等地的微观考察表明,信仰纽带有效地强化了中国与伊斯兰世界之间的经济纽带,并在客观上有助于中国政治版图内部的区域与地缘战略调整。与此同时,宗教因素在“新丝绸之路”上的双重嵌入,也意味着经济力量和政治版图仍是激活或制约信仰版图最重要的因素。 “新丝绸之路”的政治影响在于：(1)伴随着在伊斯兰世界战略利益的深化,未来中国将不可避免且越来越多的卷入到伊斯兰世界国家间错综复杂的教派和政治关系中,而中亚和中东国家内部的族群宗教和国家建设也逐渐对于中国日益增长的海外利益具有直接而现实的溢出效应；(2)伴随着国际能源供需版图的剧变和中美战略重心的再平衡,中国将日益面临如何与美国在伊斯兰世界开展战略互动、进行利益协调的外交局面。正是在此意义上,本文对于“新丝绸之路”的研究,只是对中国国家利益全球化进程初步且局部的考察。
[Abstract]:The ancient sea and land Silk Road, as the trade road between China and the Islamic world (Middle East and Central Asia), the road of culture and faith, was the most important geo-economic combination and religious and cultural bond in the world before the rise of the modern western world. After centuries of silence, the trade channel between China and the Islamic world has been revived in the new century. Rapid flow of goods, people and funds, connectivity of strategic infrastructure such as land cross-border roads, railways, pipelines, Yiwu, Guangzhou and other eastern coastal areas, newly active Middle Eastern businessmen, new "Fan Fang" and mosques, Xinjiang, The potential of Ningxia and other northwestern provinces in the process of "opening to the west" and China's heavy dependence on oil and gas in the Islamic world. There are signs that the New Silk Road is emerging at the same time in both the sea and the land. So how do you understand the conditions, logic, and impact of the rise of this series of important developments? This is precisely the question that this article should focus on. Through the in-depth investigation of the ancient Silk Road geography (sea and land, trade (commodity and currency), faith (Islamization), this paper obtains the historical perspective and research angle of view of the rise of "New Silk Road". On the basis of drawing full reference from the existing academic achievements, this paper makes extensive use of all kinds of first-hand documents, interviews and field investigations to outline and analyze the manifestation and internal mechanism of the "New Silk Road" between the sea and the land. This paper holds that the rise of the "New Silk Road" is driven and restricted by dual logic at the same time: the global flow of oil, the global flow between the US dollar and "made in China" and the existing structure and internal adjustment of China's regional and geo-strategy. It is in this sense that the "New Silk Road" is not a simple reappearance of history, but is deeply embedded in the national development strategy of contemporary China and the power structure of international politics and economy. Part of the historical heritage of the ancient Silk Road was activated and reorganized in this macro context. The microscopic investigation of Yiwu, Guangzhou, Xinjiang, Ningxia and other places shows that the belief bond effectively strengthens the economic ties between China and the Islamic world, and objectively contributes to the regional and geo-strategic adjustment within China's political territory. At the same time, the double embedding of religious factors on the "New Silk Road" also means that economic power and political territory are still the most important factors to activate or restrict the faith territory. With the deepening of strategic interests in the Islamic world, China will inevitably and more be involved in the intricate sectarian and political relations among the countries of the Islamic world in the future. Meanwhile, ethnic groups, religions and national construction within the countries of Central Asia and the Middle East also gradually have a direct and realistic spillover effect on China's growing overseas interests.) with the dramatic changes in the international energy supply and demand map and the rebalancing of the strategic focus of China and the United States, China will increasingly face a diplomatic situation of strategic interaction and coordination of interests with the United States in the Islamic world. In this sense, the study of the "New Silk Road" is only a preliminary and partial study of the globalization process of China's national interests.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F125.4

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