中国居民收入差距轨迹呈现拐点趋势及理论分析

发布时间：2018-05-24 07:03

本文选题：收入差距轨迹 + 拐点趋势　；参考：《南京财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对备受关注的中国居民收入差距演变趋势做了实证研究，指出近年来中国居民收入差距轨迹已呈现拐点趋势，并对出现拐点趋势的原因做了理论分析。第一章主要对以往研究成果进行综述。第二章详细阐述了库兹涅茨“倒U假说”、刘易斯拐点和邓小平“先富共富”等有关收入差距演变轨迹的经典理论。第三章证明了我国居民收入差距轨迹已经呈现拐点趋势。本章利用基尼系数、收入比值和图表分析等多种方法，多层次多角度的对地区间、城乡间和城镇农村居民内部的收入差距做了分析，确定我国居民收入差距轨迹已经呈现拐点趋势。进而从收入来源角度分析城镇和农村居民的收入差距变化原因，发现工资性收入是主导收入差距变化轨迹的重要因素。第四章解释了我国居民收入差距轨迹呈现拐点趋势的原因，认为，我国居民收入差距演变轨迹符合库兹涅茨、刘易斯的描述和邓小平的预期，或者也可以说，库兹涅茨“倒U假说”、刘易斯的二元经济理论和邓小平的“先富共富”理论揭示了我国作为发展中国家收入分配演变的一般规律。库兹涅茨“倒U假说”描述了劳动力的转移导致人口结构的变迁，进而引起收入差距的缩小，同时，社会保障可以改善福利水平，科技进步有利于提升就业层次；刘易斯拐点主要描述通过劳动力的转移在长期可以缩小整体和城乡内部的收入差距，同时对我国劳动报酬占比呈现先缩小后扩大的趋势也有很好的解释力；邓小平“先富共富”理论则是从非均衡发展的角度阐述在我国制度和政策引导下必然实现收入差距先扩大后缩小的趋势。但是，上述三个经典理论与我国现实情况也有不符合之处，库兹涅茨“倒U假说”没有涉及更微观的如地区间、城乡间收入差距的状况，刘易斯拐点默认了市场的扩大足以吸纳我国庞大的剩余劳动力以及忽视了社会保障等政策的重要作用，邓小平“先富共富”理论中描述的公有制经济占主体还有待进一步落实。第五章提出了进一步缩小收入差距的对策，包括：（1）高度重视社会保障的收入分配调节功能，，加快建立完善惠及全民的社会保障体系；（2）创新城镇发展模式，以“三化”协调实现科学发展和缩小收入分配差距；（3）进一步巩固区域协调发展成果，逐步缩小地区间收入差距；（4）创新国有企业经营模式，提高公有制经济的影响力和控制力，规范国有企业的收入分配等。
[Abstract]:This paper makes an empirical study on the evolution trend of income gap of Chinese residents, and points out that the trajectory of income gap of Chinese residents has shown a trend of inflection point in recent years, and makes a theoretical analysis on the reason of the trend of inflection point. The first chapter summarizes the previous research results. The second chapter elaborates the classical theories about the evolution of income gap, such as Kuznets' inverted U hypothesis, Lewis inflection point and Deng Xiaoping. The third chapter proves that the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. This chapter uses Gini coefficient, income ratio and chart analysis to analyze the income gap between regions, between urban and rural areas and among urban and rural residents. Determine the trajectory of income gap in China has shown a trend of inflection point. From the perspective of income sources, this paper analyzes the reasons for the change of income gap between urban and rural residents, and finds that wage income is an important factor leading to the change of income gap. The fourth chapter explains the reason why the trajectory of the income gap of our country presents the inflection point trend, and thinks that the evolution track of the income gap of our country is in line with Kuznets, Lewis' description and Deng Xiaoping's expectation, or it can be said, Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis", Lewis' dual economic theory and Deng Xiaoping's "rich first and rich" theory reveal the general law of income distribution evolution in China as a developing country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" describes that the shift of labor force leads to the change of population structure, which leads to the narrowing of income gap. At the same time, social security can improve the level of welfare, and the progress of science and technology will help to raise the level of employment. Lewis inflection point mainly describes that the labor transfer in the long run can narrow the income gap between the whole and the urban and rural areas, and at the same time, it also has a good explanation for the trend that the proportion of labor remuneration in our country first shrinks and then expands. The theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping explains the trend of income gap enlarging first and then narrowing under the guidance of system and policy in China from the angle of unbalanced development. However, the above three classical theories are also inconsistent with the reality of our country. Kuznets'"inverted U hypothesis" does not deal with more microscopic situations such as the income gap between regions and between urban and rural areas. Lewis' inflection point acquiesced that the expansion of the market was sufficient to absorb China's huge surplus labor force and neglected the important role of social security policies. The public ownership economy, described in the theory of "rich first and rich together" in Deng Xiaoping, has yet to be further implemented. The fifth chapter puts forward the countermeasures of further narrowing the income gap, including: 1) paying great attention to the function of income distribution regulation of social security, speeding up the establishment and perfection of social security system for the benefit of the whole people and innovating the urban development model. To further consolidate the achievements of regional coordinated development and gradually narrow the income gap among regions with the coordination of "three modernizations" to realize scientific development and narrow the income distribution gap between regions. (4) to innovate the business model of state-owned enterprises and to improve the influence and control power of the public ownership economy. Standardize the income distribution of state-owned enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7

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