进口在产业升级中的作用与实现路径

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:39

本文选题：进口 + 二次创新　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,我国对外开放的政策重点致力于出口的发展及其对增长的作用,不仅在理论上忽略了如何发挥进口的作用以促进国内产业升级,而且在政策实践上也不注重对进口的引导。不可否认,出口的迅猛发展确实为我国经济的高速增长作出了巨大的贡献,然而出口导向的外贸政策导致了进出口总量的失衡。“高出低进”成为我国外贸运行的主要特征,持续累积的巨额顺差造成贸易摩擦不断加剧,人民币面临升值压力,以廉价劳动力成本、透支资源环境为条件的粗犷式发展的出口加工贸易也不利于经济的持续发展与产业的优化升级。金融危机以后,中国经济发展进入了一个新的阶段,在创新的基础上实现产业结构的升级是这一新阶段上的一大主题。前30年贸易发展、出口能力的提升以及由此积累的外汇资源为新阶段上的发展提供了特殊有利条件。虽然根据跨国公司直接投资理论国际投资可以使东道国发展起新兴产业,引进外资是新兴产业发展的路径之一。但是,在产业国际转移与跨国公司国际价值链分工下本国产业的发展与本国投资和创新下的发展是两种不同意义上的发展。现阶段如何提高进口在我国产业升级中的作用,实现二次创新,如何为战略性新兴产业的发展提供必要的装备,是我国经济发展中的一个重大课题。本文研究进口在产业升级中的作用,强调引进后“二次创新”的重要性,认为进口之所以能够对产业升级产生重要的影响,关键在于其可以带来国外先进的产品与技术,通过吸收再创新,实现技术的进步。同时,结合我国实际情况,文中分别从商品进口与技术进口的角度,重点探讨了当前形势下我国进口在对产业升级作用过程中存在的问题与不足,也分析了实践中引进吸收再创新的成功案例。本文通过研究指出,目前我国应对贸易政策作适当的调整与转型,推动进出口平衡发展,适度扩大进口规模,做强一般贸易,优化进口结构,鼓励创新,促进国内的技术进步与产业升级。本文共分为七大章节,第一章为引言,首先介绍本文的研究背景、意义、方法及创新点等。第二章对相关理论及国内外研究进行了回顾与梳理,考察了进口与技术进步、经济增长之间的关系。第三章从理论的角度分析了进口在产业升级中的作用机制,即技术进步效应,并将技术进步效应分为直接与间接两种进行研究,并且探讨了其中的影响因素。第四章研究了我国的进口商品贸易,以实证的方法检验了不同贸易方式下的进口对产业结构升级的差异性影响,并以高技术产品进口为例深入分析了其中的原因。第五章研究了我国技术进口的情况,用定量分析的方法测算了我国对外贸易技术依存度及有效对外贸易技术依存度,整体上考察了我国技术引进的状况与对国外技术的吸收创新能力；同时,以高铁的成功案例论证了技术引进、吸收、再创新的重要性。第六章分别对进口在产业升级中作用的影响因素结合我国的实际逐一进行分析,探讨其中的问题与不足。第七章为结论与政策建议。
[Abstract]:For a long time, China's policy of opening to the outside world focuses on the development of export and its effect on growth. It is not only neglecting how to play the role of import in order to promote the upgrading of domestic industry in theory, but also not to guide the import in policy practice. It is undeniable that the rapid development of export is indeed a high speed increase for our economy. The export oriented foreign trade policy has led to the imbalance of the total import and export. "High output" has become the main feature of China's foreign trade operation. The continuous accumulation of huge surplus causes the trade friction to increase, the RMB is facing the pressure of appreciation, the low price labor cost and the overdraft of the resources and environment are the rough conditions. Rough export processing trade is also not conducive to the sustained development of the economy and the optimization and upgrading of the industry.
After the financial crisis, China's economic development has entered a new stage. Upgrading the industrial structure on the basis of innovation is a major theme in this new stage. The first 30 years of trade development, the promotion of export capacity and the accumulated foreign exchange resources provide special favorable conditions for the development of the new stage. The international investment in the direct investment of the company can make the host country develop new industries, and the introduction of foreign capital is one of the paths for the development of new industries. However, the development of domestic industry and the development of domestic investment and innovation under the division of international value chain of the industry are two different meanings. The role of high import in China's industrial upgrading, the realization of the two innovation, how to provide the necessary equipment for the development of strategic emerging industries, is a major issue in the economic development of our country.
This paper studies the role of import in industrial upgrading, emphasizes the importance of "two innovations" after introducing the import, and thinks that import can have an important impact on industrial upgrading. The key is that it can bring advanced foreign products and technology, through absorption and innovation, to realize the progress of technology. At the same time, in combination with the actual situation of China, the article is divided into two parts. From the point of view of commodity import and technology import, this paper focuses on the problems and shortcomings of China's import in the process of upgrading the industry under the current situation, and also analyzes the successful cases of introducing and absorbing re innovation in practice. Through the study, this paper points out that our country should adjust and transform the trade policy appropriately and promote import and export at present. We should balance development, expand import scale moderately, strengthen general trade, optimize import structure, encourage innovation, and promote domestic technological progress and industrial upgrading.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is introduction, first of all, it introduces the research background, significance, method and innovation point of this paper. The second chapter reviews and combs the related theories and domestic and foreign research, and examines the relationship between import and technological progress and economic growth. The third chapter analyses the import in industrial upgrading from the theoretical point of view. The mechanism of action, that is, the effect of technological progress, and the effect of technological progress is divided into two kinds of direct and indirect studies, and the influence factors are discussed. The fourth chapter studies the import commodity trade of our country, and empirically tests the difference effect of the import on the industrial structure upgrading under different trade modes and the high technology production. The fifth chapter studied the reasons for the import of the products. The paper studied the situation of China's technology import, calculated the dependence degree of China's foreign trade technology and the degree of effective foreign trade technology dependence by quantitative analysis, and investigated the status of China's technology introduction and the ability to absorb and innovate the foreign technology. The success cases demonstrate the importance of technology introduction, absorption and innovation. The sixth chapter analyzes the influence factors of import in industrial upgrading, and analyzes the problems and shortcomings in China, and the seventh chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.61;F124

【参考文献】