民工荒产生的原因及对我国产业发展的影响

发布时间：2018-05-27 23:22

本文选题：民工荒 + 四元经济　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在发展中国家现代化的进程当中,农村剩余劳动力转移问题是各发展中国家普遍关注的重要问题,也是发展经济学重点研究课题。西方发达国家的经验告诉我们,只有实现了剩余劳动力的有效转移,达到农村劳动力的非农化,才可能最终实现工业化和现代化。所以充分认识剩余劳动力问题合理安置剩余劳动力对我国的现代化进程至关重要。改革开放以来,伴随着我国高速城市化和工业化的还有农村剩余劳动力大规模向城市迁移,越来越多的农村劳动力到城市寻找就业机会。农民工自发进城这股“热潮”持续了很多年,为推动我国转轨经济高速发展作出了重要贡献,也成为我国农村农民脱贫致富的有效途径和重要手段。但令人费解的是,就在“民工潮”持续了一些年后,2004年“珠三角”开始出现了用工荒现象。之后,用工荒现象开始由沿海向内地、由局部向全局、由周期性向长期性蔓延,许多城市的企业面临招工难问题。研究表明,我国目前总的农村劳动力供大于求的局面依然存在,但是究竟什么原因造成了我国的民工荒现象?如何正确看待这一现象的影响?弄清出这两个问题同时提出合理有效的解决这一问题的对策建议,是本次研究的主要目的。本文所研究的是在农村劳动力过剩背景下的民工荒这样一个矛盾现象。全文共分为7章。第1章导言主要是对研究的现实背景与理论意义、研究的目的与方法以及研究的内容作了说明,同时对相关概念进行了界定,其中包括四元经济结构以及劳动力转移的界定,还介绍了本文的创新与不足之处。第2章是理论综述部分,主要分三个部分做了理论综述。第一部分主要是把劳动力流动中的经典理论做以概述,其中包括刘易斯模型、拉尼斯—费景汉模型、托达罗模型、唐纳德.博格的劳动力流动“推--拉”理论、斯加斯塔德的成本—收益理论,第二部分介绍了国内学者对民工荒问题产生原因的研究成果,第三部分介绍了国内学者在民工荒对我国经济影响方面的研究成果。第3章对我国历史上农村剩余劳动力和农民工的产生历程进行了回顾。一直以来,我国农村劳动力数量虽然巨大,但是受历史背景、政策限制、科技落后等原因限制,劳动力一直被束缚,没有显性的剩余劳动力存在,直到改革开放后剩余劳动力才逐步释放出来。城市出现大量就业机会后剩余劳动力开始向城市转移,寻找新的就业机会,这样最初的农民工就出现了。第4章从四元经济视角对我国民工荒问题产生的原因做了探究,并进行了理论和实证分析。通过分析我国目前的四元经济结构,把其分为四个部门：农村传统部门、农村企业部门、城市传统部门、城市现代部门,并在此基础上对我国当前的民工荒问题进行研究,得出结论：城市传统部门遭遇民工荒是因为该部门提供给农民工的净收益明显小于农村企业部门和城市现代部门、城市现代部门遭遇的民工荒其实质是技工荒。第5章主要分析了民工荒问题对我国产业发展的纠正效应。改革开放以来,我国的人口福利对我国转轨时期经济的高速增长起到了重要的推动作用,但过于依赖优势劳动力投入也使我国转轨经济遗留了一些问题,主要体现在产业空间布局、产业效率低下、技术滞后等。本章分别从民工荒对产业升级和产业转移的纠正效应进行了理论和实证分析。第6章通过总结前面的分析和研究结论,对我国如何合理的应对民工荒问题提出了相应的政策建议。第7章对全文所工作做了总结,并对本文研究的不足之处提出了展望。
[Abstract]:In the course of the modernization of the developing countries, the transfer of rural surplus labor is an important issue of common concern for all developing countries and a key research subject in the development economics. The experience of developed countries in the West tells us that only the effective transfer of surplus labor has been realized to achieve the non agricultural production of rural labor. Finally, realizing industrialization and modernization, so it is very important to fully understand the surplus labor problem and rationally resettlement the surplus labor force. Since the reform and opening up, along with the rapid urbanization and industrialization of our country, the surplus labor force in the countryside has migrated to the city on a large scale, and more and more rural labor force has been found in the city. Employment opportunities. The "upsurge" of migrant workers' spontaneous entry to the city has lasted for many years. It has made important contributions to the rapid development of China's transition economy. It has also become an effective way and important means for rural farmers to take off poverty and become rich. But it is puzzling that the "Pearl River Delta" began in 2004 after the "Peasant Worker Tide" continued for some years. The phenomenon of labor shortage has become a phenomenon. After that, the phenomenon of labor shortage began to move from the coastal to the mainland, from the local to the global, from the cyclical to the long-term. The enterprises in many cities are facing the difficulty of recruiting workers. The research shows that the situation of the supply of rural labor is still existing in our country at present, but what causes the shortage of migrant workers in our country How to see the influence of this phenomenon correctly? To find out the two problems and put forward a reasonable and effective solution to this problem is the main purpose of this study.
This paper studies the contradiction of the shortage of migrant workers in the background of surplus rural labor. The full text is divided into 7 chapters. The first chapter is mainly about the realistic background and theoretical significance of the study, the purpose and method of the study and the content of the research, and the definition of the related concepts, including the four yuan economic structure. As well as the definition of labor transfer, it also introduces the innovations and shortcomings of this paper.
The second chapter is an overview of the theory, which is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is a summary of the classical theory of labor flow, which includes the Lewis model, the La NIS Fei Jinghan model, the Todaro model, Donald Berg's labor movement "push pull" theory, and the cost and benefit of costar. The second part introduces the research results of the domestic scholars on the causes of the shortage of migrant workers. The third part introduces the research results of domestic scholars on the economic impact of migrant workers' shortage on China.
The third chapter reviews the history of rural surplus labor and migrant workers in the history of China. Although the number of rural labor force is huge, the labor force has been restricted by the historical background, the policy restriction, the backward technology and so on. There is no dominant surplus labor force, until after the reform and opening up. The power is gradually released. After a large number of employment opportunities in the city, the surplus labor force has begun to shift to the city, looking for new employment opportunities, so that the initial migrant workers have appeared.
The fourth chapter explores the causes of the shortage of migrant workers in China from the perspective of the four yuan economy, and carries out a theoretical and empirical analysis. Through the analysis of the current four yuan economic structure in China, it is divided into four departments: the rural traditional department, the rural enterprise department, the urban traditional department, the modern city Department, and on this basis to our country The research on the shortage of migrant workers draws a conclusion that the shortage of migrant workers in the traditional urban sector is because the net income provided to the migrant workers is obviously less than that of the rural enterprises and the modern urban departments. The shortage of migrant workers in the modern urban sector is the essence of the shortage of mechanic.
The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the correction effect of the shortage of migrant workers to the industrial development of our country. Since the reform and opening up, the population welfare of our country has played an important role in promoting the rapid economic growth during the transition period of our country, but too much dependence on the advantage of labor force has also left some problems in the transition economy of our country, which is mainly reflected in the industrial space cloth. This chapter makes a theoretical and empirical analysis of the rectification effect of the shortage of migrant workers on industrial upgrading and industrial transfer.
The sixth chapter puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations on how to deal with the shortage of migrant workers in China by summarizing the previous analysis and conclusions.
The seventh chapter summarizes the work of this paper, and puts forward the prospect of this research.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.21;F124.1

【参考文献】