中国对外贸易与城乡收入差距

发布时间：2018-06-03 03:09

本文选题：对外贸易 + 城乡收入差距　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国改革开放的深入顺利进行，我国外向型经济的不断发展，对外贸易如火如荼地开展起来，我国已经连续多年成为世界上最大的商品出口国。对外贸易对中国经济的发展起到至关重要的作用，是中国经济增长的引擎。三十多年来，中国经济取得了辉煌的成绩，现在，我国的国内生产总值已经超越日本，成为世界第二大经济体。人们的物质生活得到了极大的丰富，生活水平得到了前所未有的提高。但是伴随着经济的总体增长，一些问题也暴露出来。现阶段比较突出的就是收入分配差距问题。2012年，我国国家统计局首次公布了基尼系数，我国现阶段基尼系数居高不下，根据统计局发布的数据显示，我国基尼系数已经超过0.4的警戒线，2012年的最新数据已经达到了0.474。尤其值得我们特别关注的是城乡收入差距，它是反映收入分配差距的重要指标。改革开放三十余年，我国的城乡收入差距正呈现扩大趋势。1978年，我国城乡收入比仅为2.5比1，但是截止到2011年已经达到3.2比1。城乡收入比的增大警示人们城乡收入差距问题不容忽视，因为它关系到一个国家的经济安全、社会稳定和人民安居乐业，如果不能很好地解决收入分配，特别是城乡收入差距的问题，将影响我国经济的长期健康发展。本文首先通过列举一系列数据和图表，发现我国对外开放拉动经济增长的同时，城乡收入差距也随之一起变动，呈现比较明显的共同趋势。进而，本文通过利用相关的国际经济学原理，并学习借鉴学术界长期以来的研究成果，对我国对外贸易与城乡收入差距的问题进行了综合分析，并通过计量模型的实证检验，证实了对外贸易与城乡收入差距的稳定相关性。之后，本文还进行了对外贸易分解分析，将进口贸易、出口贸易分开，来考量其各自对于城乡收入差距的作用。并且本文还有针对性地进行了时间段分析，由于我国在1994年汇率制度改革，又在2001年加入世界贸易组织，对外贸易发展的明显时间节点特征，不同的时间节点对于分析对外贸易与城乡收入差距必定具有显著意义，所得到的结果也与预期的一致，城乡收入差距也受到了对外贸易阶段性发展的作用。从分析计量结果的过程中得到了一些关于优化对外贸易结构、缩小城乡收入差距的思路，以期为今后的理论研究以及政策分析提供一定的依据。通过计量分析，我国对外贸易与城乡收入差距呈现明显的正相关性。为了能够合理解决这一问题，需要针对对外贸易结构进行改革、调整，优化进出口结构，，提高战略性新兴产业的出口比重，并调整城乡收入分配结构，优化个人所得税申报、征收制度，加大对农村地区的政策扶持力度，为更好地让对外贸易服务于农村地区制定更多更有效的政策措施。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of reform and opening up in China, the continuous development of China's export-oriented economy, foreign trade is in full swing, China has become the world's largest commodity exporter for many years. Foreign trade plays a vital role in the development of China's economy and is the engine of China's economic growth. For more than 30 years, China's economy has made brilliant achievements. Now, China's GDP has surpassed Japan to become the second largest economy in the world. People's material life has been greatly enriched, living standards have been improved unprecedented. But with the overall growth of the economy, some problems have also been exposed. In 2012, the National Bureau of Statistics published the Gini coefficient for the first time, and the Gini coefficient is still high at the present stage. According to the data released by the Bureau of Statistics, China's Gini coefficient has exceeded the warning line of 0. 4, and the latest figure for 2012 has reached 0. 474. In particular, we should pay special attention to the urban-rural income gap, which is an important indicator to reflect the income distribution gap. In 1978, the urban-rural income ratio in China was only 2.5: 1, but by 2011 it had reached 3.2: 1. The increase of urban-rural income ratio warns that the problem of urban-rural income gap should not be ignored, because it is related to a country's economic security, social stability and people living and working in peace and contentment. In particular, the income gap between urban and rural areas will affect the long-term and healthy development of our economy. Firstly, by enumerating a series of data and charts, this paper finds that the urban-rural income gap also changes along with the opening to the outside world, showing a more obvious common trend. Then, by using the relevant international economic principles and learning from the academic research results for a long time, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the problem of China's foreign trade and urban-rural income gap, and through the empirical test of econometric model. Confirmed the stable correlation between foreign trade and income gap between urban and rural areas. After that, this paper also analyzes the foreign trade, separates the import trade and the export trade to consider their effects on the income gap between urban and rural areas. And this paper also has carried on the time analysis pertinently, because our country in 1994 exchange rate system reform, also joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, the foreign trade development obvious time node characteristic, Different time nodes must be significant for the analysis of the income gap between urban and rural areas and the results are in line with the expected results. The urban-rural income gap is also affected by the periodic development of foreign trade. Some ideas about optimizing the structure of foreign trade and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas are obtained from the analysis of measurement results in order to provide some basis for the theoretical research and policy analysis in the future. Through econometric analysis, China's foreign trade and urban-rural income gap show a clear positive correlation. In order to solve this problem reasonably, it is necessary to reform the foreign trade structure, adjust and optimize the structure of import and export, increase the export proportion of strategic emerging industries, adjust the income distribution structure between urban and rural areas, and optimize the individual income tax returns. Levy system, increase policy support to rural areas, for better foreign trade in rural areas to formulate more and more effective policy measures.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752;F124.7;F224

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