中国产业结构低碳化研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 20:30

本文选题：产业结构 + 低碳化　；参考：《福建师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：由于全球气候变化和世界经济近年所表现出的不可持续,使得“低碳经济”在2003年一经提出便引起了广泛响应和热烈讨论,促使各国纷纷致力于结构的调整以及经济增长模式的转变。在此背景下,产业结构低碳化进入人们视野。而产业结构低碳化就是指通过技术创新及市场机制的应用,推进传统产业生产方式的变革以及低碳技术和产品的产业化发展,降低社会的能耗量及碳排放,缓解经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾。 “高消耗、高污染、高增长”的传统经济增长方式成就了中国改革开放三十几年的经济高速发展,但这种经济增长方式导致资源的过度消耗和温室气体的过量排放,不仅限制了中国的经济增长速度,更对我们的生存环境带来严重破坏。在此前提下,实现产业结构低碳化,发展以“低能耗、低物耗、低污染、低排放”为特征的低碳经济,成为中国转变发展方式、实现产业升级和可持续发展目标的新选择。基于这样的认识,本文回顾了全球气候变化问题的提出及国际社会所做的努力,分析了全球治理的困境以及一些发达国家试图采取单边贸易措施间接地迫使发展中国家承担减排责任的意图。为实现政府承诺的减排目标和经济的可持续发展需要,在人口规模变化有限,人均GDP伴随经济增长持续上升的情况下,处于工业化进程中的中国要减少二氧化碳的排放量只能依赖于能源强度和二氧化碳强度的降低。也就是说,产业结构低碳化成为中国当前实现减排目标、保证可持续发展、调整产业结构、转变经济发展方式的必然战略选择。但是,目前以重化工业为基础的产业结构,化石能源为主体的能源结构和低效率的能源利用,明显不足的低碳技术创新能力和不完善的低碳政策措施等五个方面严重制约了中国经济的低碳发展,成为中国产业结构低碳化的主要障碍。欧、美、日等发达国家和地区发展低碳经济较早,在产业低碳化和新能源发展等方面进行了积极的探索与实践,在战略规划、法律保障、技术创新、能源发展、政策调控、低碳教育等方面的成功经验与政策措施值得我们学习与借鉴。结合中国的经济发展状况和能源资源禀赋条件,在推进中国产业结构低碳化过程中,应该充分发挥技术、机制和结构在减少碳排放过程中的作用,而低碳技术创新、市场机制应用、产业结构优化升级是实现产业结构低碳化的具体路径。
[Abstract]:Due to the unsustainability of global climate change and the world economy in recent years, the "low carbon economy" has caused extensive response and heated discussion in 2003, prompting countries to make efforts to adjust the structure and change the mode of economic growth. In this context, the industrial structure is low carbonated into the people's field of vision. The low carbonization of industrial structure refers to the reform of the traditional industrial production mode and the development of the industrialization of low carbon technology and products through the application of technological innovation and market mechanism, reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions of the society and alleviating the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection.
The traditional economic growth mode of "high consumption, high pollution and high growth" has achieved the rapid economic development of China's reform and opening up for more than 30 years. However, this economic growth mode leads to excessive consumption of resources and excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, which not only restricts the speed of China's economic growth, but also brings serious damage to our living environment. Under this premise, the low carbon economy, characterized by low energy consumption, low material consumption, low pollution and low emission, has become a new choice for China to change the development mode and achieve the goal of industrial upgrading and sustainable development.
Based on this understanding, this paper reviews the global climate change issues and the efforts of the international community, analyzes the plight of global governance and the intention of some developed countries to adopt unilateral trade measures to indirectly force developing countries to shoulder the responsibility for reducing emissions. With the need of sustainable development, with the limited population size and the continuous increase of the per capita GDP with economic growth, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the process of industrialization can only depend on the reduction of energy intensity and carbon dioxide intensity. In other words, the low carbonization of industrial structure has become the target of China's current realization of emission reduction. The inevitable strategic choice of the sustainable development, the adjustment of the industrial structure and the transformation of the mode of economic development. However, five aspects of the industrial structure based on the heavy chemical industry, the energy structure of the fossil energy and the low efficiency of energy utilization, the low carbon technology innovation ability and the imperfect low-carbon policy measures are seriously restricted. The low carbon development of China's economy has become the main obstacle to the low carbonization of China's industrial structure. The developed countries and regions of Europe, America and Japan have developed low carbon economy earlier, and have carried out active exploration and practice in the areas of low carbon and new energy development, such as the strategic planning, legal guarantee, technological innovation, energy development, policy regulation and low carbon education. We should learn and learn from the successful experience and policy measures. In the light of China's economic development and energy resource endowments, we should give full play to the use of technology, mechanism and structure in reducing carbon emissions in the process of China's industrial structure low carbonization, and low carbon technology innovation, market mechanism application and industry. Structural optimization and upgrading is a specific way to achieve low-carbon industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.5;F121.3

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