我国垄断行业收入的合理性研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 19:40

本文选题：垄断 + 收入差距　；参考：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国实行对外开放以来,随着“允许一部分人先富起来”的政策执行,居民收入水平大幅度提高,然后收入差距问题却逐步显现。过分的收入差距不但影响经济发展的速度和质量,还会导致社会动荡。地区收入差异、城乡收入差异引起了社会的极大关注,然而,近年来行业间收入差距问题日渐突出。为全面分析行业间收入差距问题,本文以典型垄断行业和竞争行业为例,采用均值比、极值比、均值差、极值差、泰尔指数、基尼系数等指标测算了近年来行业间收入差距的变化趋势,结果显示：在剔除价格指数变动后,行业间的绝对收入差距是逐渐变大的；行业间的相对收入差距有先变大后变小的趋势。垄断行业有远高于竞争行业的工资外收入,本文量化了所选行业的工资外收入,分别从平均薪酬、平均工资、工资外收入的角度分析了行业间的收入差距现状,结果表明：无论是用平均薪酬还是用工资外收入测度的行业间收入差距,都大于用平均工资测度的相应数值,其中用平均薪酬测度的行业间收入差距的泰尔指数是用平均工资测度的相应数值的两倍左右,用工资外收入测度的泰尔指数是用平均工资测度的相应数值的3.6倍；无论是平均薪酬测度行业间收入差距的基尼系数0.3462,还是工资外收入测度的行业间收入差距的基尼系数0.4576,都大于用平均工资测度的行业的基尼系数0.2566,其中用工资外收入测度的行业间收入差距的基尼系数超过了0.4的警戒线。也就是说用平均工资测度的行业间收入差距严重低估了真实的行业收入差距状况。在实证部分,本文采用费景汉-拉尼斯分解测度了各影响因素的贡献程度。结果表明：在影响工资差距的解释因素中,垄断的贡献程度最大,是造成行业间工资差距的最主要原因：受教育程度对行业间收入差距的贡献程度次之,是形成行业间收入差距的很重要的原因；人均资产在一定程度上能拉大行业间的收入差距；外资比例对行业间收入差距的贡献度是负值,说明外商的进入在一定程度上有助于缩小行业间的收入差距。为对行业间收入差距做合理性分析,本文借鉴Cotton模型把行业间平均薪酬差距分解为三部分：合理性差距、垄断行业高于无歧视性收入部分、竞争行业低于无歧视性收入部分,并具体测度了各部分所占的比重。在此基础上,本文进一步拓展了Cotton模型,量化了各垄断行业的可解释性薪酬。结果显示：航空运输业实际薪酬高出可解释性薪酬的比例最大；电力、热力的生产和供应业,电信和其他信息传输服务业次之。
[Abstract]:Since China's opening to the outside world, with the implementation of the policy of "allowing some people to get rich first", the income level of the residents has been greatly increased, and then the problem of income gap has gradually emerged. Excessive income gap not only affects the speed and quality of economic development, but also leads to social unrest. Regional income difference, urban-rural income difference has aroused great concern of the society. However, in recent years, the problem of inter-industry income gap is becoming more and more prominent. In order to analyze the problem of income gap between industries, this paper takes typical monopoly industries and competitive industries as examples, using mean ratio, extreme value ratio, mean value difference, extreme value difference, Thiel index, etc. Gini coefficient and other indicators measured the trend of income gap between industries in recent years, the results show that: after excluding the price index changes, the absolute income gap between industries is gradually increasing; The relative income gap between industries has a tendency to grow first and then narrow. The monopoly industry has much higher income than the competition industry. This paper quantifies the extra wage income of the selected industry, and analyzes the current situation of the income gap between the industries from the perspective of average salary, average wage, and extra wage income, respectively. The results show that the income gap between industries measured by the average salary or the income outside the wage is larger than the corresponding value measured by the average wage. The Terre index measured by the average salary is about twice the corresponding value measured by the average wage, and the Terre index measured by the income outside the wage is 3.6 times the corresponding value measured by the average wage. The Gini coefficient of the average salary measure of the income gap between industries is 0.3462, or the Gini coefficient of the income gap between the industries measured by the wage is 0.4576, which is larger than the Gini coefficient of the industry measured by the average wage, in which the Gini coefficient of the industry measured by the average wage is 0.2566. The Gini coefficient of the income measure of the inter-industry income gap exceeds the warning line of 0. 4. In other words, the industry income gap measured by the average wage seriously underestimates the real industry income gap. In the empirical part, we use Fjinghan-Laris decomposition to measure the contribution of various factors. The results show that, among the factors that influence the wage gap, monopoly contributes the most, which is the main reason for the wage gap between industries: the contribution of education to the income gap between industries is the second. The per capita assets can to some extent widen the income gap between industries, and the contribution of the proportion of foreign capital to the income gap between industries is negative. It shows that the entry of foreign investors helps to narrow the income gap between industries to a certain extent. In order to analyze the rationality of the income gap between industries, this paper uses Cotton model to divide the average pay gap into three parts: reasonable gap, monopoly industry is higher than nondiscriminatory income part, competition industry is lower than nondiscriminatory income part. The proportion of each part is measured concretely. On this basis, the cotton model is further expanded to quantify the interpretable remuneration of monopoly industries. The results show that the actual salary of the air transportation industry is higher than that of the interpretable salary, followed by the production and supply of electricity, heat and heat, and the telecommunication and other information transmission services.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F124.7

【参考文献】