中俄恰克图贸易对蒙古地区经济文化的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 09:05

本文选题：恰克图贸易 + 蒙古地区　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的对外贸易与文化交流起源很早。不同历史时期,中国各民族积极参与与其他民族的经济文化交流,在互通有无的同时,增进了相互间的了解和友谊。但自有清一代开始,中国的对外贸易由主动变为被动,对外的经济文化交流逐渐收窄。在这种背景下,刚刚完成中央集权化的沙皇俄国不断地与中国进行主动接触。最终,以雍正五年(1728年)中、俄两国政府签订的《恰克图条约》为标志,横亘亚欧大陆,持续两百多年的中俄恰克图贸易拉开了帷幕。恰克图贸易的发展在促进中、俄两国经济发展的同时,对蒙古地区的经济文化产生了重要的影响。本文以中俄恰克图贸易史实为依据,在界定恰克图贸易相关的时间概念和蒙古地区的空间概念的基础上,首先分析了恰克图贸易形成前的贸易历史及背景。进而通过从贸易额、商品结构、条约体系三个方面对恰克图贸易的发展过程进行梳理,并从中分析出致使恰克图贸易走向衰败的内在和外在的诱因。由此形成了对恰克图贸易的全面认识。在这种认知体系的基础之上,首先以中俄恰克图贸易在蒙古地区的商品运输路线为线索,分析了繁荣时期的恰克图贸易与衰败期的恰克图贸易对蒙古地区交通运输业繁荣发展的不同影响。其次,本文选取了恰克图(今蒙古国阿勒坦布拉格)、库伦(今蒙古国乌兰巴托)和张家口(今河北省张家口市)三个当时受中俄恰克图贸易影响而发展的城市典型进行了分析。再次,本文对蒙古地区传统畜牧业在恰克图贸易影响下的发展进行了分析。将上述三种影响分析综合起来,本文将其与西伯利亚地区的经济发展作一简单比对之后,得出了制度、政策、贸易本身三个致使恰克图贸易影响下的蒙古地区经济相对较缓的原因。此外,本文还对恰克图贸易对蒙古地区的文化影响进行了分析。通过分析发现,恰克图贸易不仅使参与贸易的蒙古族、汉族和俄罗斯族之间的文化交流更加紧密,还对蒙古地区其他的少数民族间的文化交流起到了一定的促进作用。在此基础之上,文章特别对蒙古族——这一蒙古地区的主体民族商业思想和生活习惯上的变化进行了进一步的分析与思考。
[Abstract]:China's foreign trade and cultural exchanges originated early. In different historical periods, all ethnic groups in China have actively participated in economic and cultural exchanges with other nationalities, and at the same time, they have enhanced mutual understanding and friendship. However, since the Qing Dynasty, China's foreign trade has changed from active to passive, and foreign economic and cultural exchanges have gradually narrowed. Against this background, czar Russia, which had just completed centralization, kept making active contacts with China. Finally, in the five years of Yongzheng (1728), Russia and the two governments signed the Treaty of Chiktu as the symbol, across Asia and Europe, lasting more than 200 years of Sino-Russian trade began. The development of Chaktu trade promotes the economic development of Russia and Russia, at the same time, it exerts an important influence on the economy and culture of Mongolia. Based on the historical facts of trade between China and Russia, and on the basis of defining the concept of time related to trade in Chiktu and the concept of space in Mongolia, this paper first analyzes the trade history and background before the formation of Chiktu trade. Then through the trade volume, the commodity structure, the treaty system three aspects carries on the combing to the Chaktu trade development process, and analyzes the internal and external inducement which causes the Chaktu trade to decline. This formed a comprehensive understanding of Chaktu trade. On the basis of this cognitive system, the first clue is the commodity transport route of the Sino-Russian Chiaktu trade in Mongolia. This paper analyzes the different influences of Chaktu trade in boom period and chaktu trade in declining period on the prosperity and development of transportation industry in Mongolia. Secondly, this paper selected three typical cities which were affected by the trade between China and Russia at that time: Chiaktu (now Aletan Prague, Mongolia), Cullen (now Mongolia Ulaanbaatar) and Zhangjiakou (now Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province). Thirdly, this paper analyzes the development of traditional animal husbandry in Mongolia under the influence of Chaktu trade. After synthesizing the above three kinds of impact analysis, this paper compares them with the economic development of Siberia and draws the system and policy. Trade itself causes the relatively slow economy of Mongolia under the influence of Chaktu trade. In addition, this paper also analyzes the cultural impact of Chaktu trade on Mongolia. Through the analysis, it is found that the Chaktu trade not only makes the cultural exchange between Mongolian, Han and Russian nationalities more close, but also promotes the cultural exchange among other ethnic minorities in Mongolia. On this basis, the paper makes a further analysis and reflection on the change of business thought and living habits of the main ethnic group in Mongolia.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;F752.7

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