吉林省就业结构与产业结构关系的实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 01:32

本文选题：产业结构 + 就业结构　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：产业结构和就业结构是国民经济的重要组成部分，产业结构和就业结构的协调能够促进国民经济又好又快发展。国内外许多学者通过理论分析或统计分析对产业结构和就业结构理论进行了研究和论述，形成了较为全面的理论体系。产业结构和就业结构相互影响，其中，产业结构作为基础能够决定就业结构的规模和发展方向；反过来，就业结构能够促进或者阻碍产业结构的发展。国民经济快速发展要求产业结构和就业结构相互协调，经济发展过程中，产业结构优化升级会优先于就业结构的发展，产业结构和就业结构发展速度的差异就造成了产业结构和就业结构的不同步，引起了就业结构对产业结构的偏离。本文就是用实证分析来研究吉林省产业结构和就业结构之间的关系，，得出相应结论并给出建议。本文的论证主要分成两个部分：第一部分是用数据来反映吉林省就业结构和产业结构的演变及现状，通过比较分析发现其中存在的问题。总体上看，吉林省产业结构已经由改革开放之初的“二、一、三”模式转向“二、三、一”模式；就业结构由“一、二、三”转向“一、三、二”结构模式。第三产业得到很大发展，而且第三产业在吸纳劳动力就业上表现出一定优势，但还有很大潜力有待挖掘。三次产业中，第二产业作为吉林省的支柱产业，对国民经济贡献最大，但是明显表现出对就业带动性差。第一产业虽然产值不高，但是第一产业从业人数比重较大，存在大量的剩余劳动力需要转移。从内部结构上看，第二产业重工业化明显，重工业比重超过75%。第三产业依然是以传统服务行业为主，新兴服务行业有待发展。第二部分是通过就业弹性、比较劳动生产率以及协调性系数来反映吉林省就业结构和产业结构之间相互关系以及协调性。从数据上看，第一产业比较劳动生产率最低，说明第一产业中就业的发展并没有对产业结构演进起到很好的促进作用，单位劳动力的生产力较低，存在大量的剩余劳动力。第二产业就业弹性系数过低，而比较劳动生产率数值较大，说明第二产业的产业发展对就业结构影响很小，在带动就业上性能比较差。第三产业的两项指标都比较适宜，说明就业和产业之间相互促进，潜力有待发挥。在协调性上，第一产业和第二产业协调性能都较差，第三产业比较适中，总体协调性并不好。经过对吉林省产业结构和就业结构关系的特点进行分析，本文主要提出了以下几点建议：适度开放户籍政策，强化劳动力流动机制；加快第二产业升级步伐，带动就业增长；大力发展第三产业，创造更多就业机会；建立劳动力资源配置的市场机制，培养适用型人才。
[Abstract]:Industrial structure and employment structure are important parts of national economy. The coordination of industrial structure and employment structure can promote the development of national economy. Many scholars at home and abroad have studied and discussed the theory of industrial structure and employment structure through theoretical analysis or statistical analysis, and formed a relatively comprehensive theoretical system. Industrial structure and employment structure affect each other, in which industrial structure as the basis can determine the scale and development direction of employment structure; conversely, employment structure can promote or hinder the development of industrial structure. The rapid development of national economy requires coordination between industrial structure and employment structure. In the process of economic development, the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure will take precedence over the development of employment structure. The difference in the development speed of industrial structure and employment structure leads to the unsynchronization of industrial structure and employment structure, and causes the deviation of employment structure from industrial structure. This paper uses empirical analysis to study the relationship between industrial structure and employment structure in Jilin Province, draws corresponding conclusions and gives some suggestions. The argument of this paper is divided into two parts: the first part is to use data to reflect the evolution and present situation of employment structure and industrial structure in Jilin Province, and find out the existing problems through comparative analysis. In general, the industrial structure of Jilin Province has changed from the "two, one, three" mode at the beginning of reform and opening to the "two, three, one" mode, and the employment structure has changed from "one, two, three" to "one, three, two" structural mode. The tertiary industry has been greatly developed, and the tertiary industry has shown some advantages in absorbing labor force employment, but there is still great potential to be tapped. Among the three industries, the secondary industry, as the pillar industry of Jilin Province, contributes the most to the national economy, but obviously shows a poor employment zone. Although the output value of the primary industry is not high, the number of the first industry employees is large, and there is a large number of surplus labor force to be transferred. From the internal structure, the second industry heavy industry is obvious, heavy industry proportion over 75. The tertiary industry is still a traditional service industry, the emerging service industry needs to be developed. The second part is to reflect the relationship and coordination between the employment structure and the industrial structure of Jilin Province by comparing the labor productivity and the coordination coefficient through the employment elasticity. From the data point of view, the labor productivity of the primary industry is the lowest, which indicates that the development of employment in the primary industry has not played a good role in promoting the evolution of the industrial structure, the productivity of the unit labor force is low, and there is a large amount of surplus labor force. The employment elasticity coefficient of the secondary industry is too low, but the value of comparative labor productivity is larger, which indicates that the industrial development of the secondary industry has little influence on the employment structure, and its performance in promoting employment is relatively poor. The two indicators of tertiary industry are more suitable, indicating that employment and industry promote each other, and the potential remains to be realized. In terms of coordination, the coordination performance of primary industry and secondary industry is poor, the third industry is moderate, and the overall coordination is not good. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the relationship between industrial structure and employment structure in Jilin Province, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: moderately opening the household registration policy, strengthening the mechanism of labor flow, speeding up the upgrading of the secondary industry and promoting employment growth; Vigorously develop the tertiary industry, create more employment opportunities, establish a market mechanism for the allocation of labor resources, and train suitable talents.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.27;F279.2;F127

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