清末民国时期新疆地区经济近代化研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 07:34

【摘要】：近代化理论的研究已经成为研究中国近现代史的一个重要维度。新疆地区的近代化，尤其是在清末民国时期，与中东部地区民间主导，倒逼政府进行近代化方向的改革不同，其自身的发展有着相对独特的发展路径。通过分析新疆地区传统农业、商业和家庭手工业的发展状况和基本特点，能够清晰地展现清政府统治新疆地区前期和中期的经济社会状态，这种饱含小农经济成分的新疆种植业、官民兼办的农业畜牧业、自给自足的家庭手工业和多元商人结构下的商业组织成为该地区经济近代化的原始动力，也是新疆社会经济出现空前繁荣、取得瞩目成就、工业化逐步深入、城镇化水平日新月异、农业、手工业和商业生产规模得到提高的重要基础。自新疆建省，新疆地区经济近代化的萌芽逐渐显现，传统经济为新疆经济近代化开端埋下了伏笔，经过若干次摧毁、重建，再摧毁、又重建之后，新疆地区经济发展的活力终于焕发生机，展现出经济理论指引近代化进程的多元经济发展的独特模式，它是传统经济在新疆建省后的式微，是近代化进程中多元经济社会结构的日益发展。这一时期，左宗棠的政策举措、刘锦棠的建设思想主导着新疆经济近代化发展的主体脉络，产品商品化、技术传播的工艺局、早期的资本主义生产关系都在这一时期涌现出来，民族资产阶级成为新疆地区经济社会发展的一个重要组成部分登上历史舞台。民国时期，经过清末民族资产阶级的不懈努力，逐步发展壮大，在民国派驻新疆地区的执政者的执政理念方面，展现出鼓励资本主义发展的建设热情，其中，，杨增新的政策思想和盛世才的执政举措最具代表性，此时的新疆，不论是农业、机械工业，还是对外贸易，或者城镇经济都展现出不同于中东部地区的繁荣景象。可以说，清末的近代化萌芽为民国时期的鼎盛发展做了有效的铺垫，呈现出内地与新疆交互影响，又不同于内地的经济近代化样式，这都决定了其独特的发展状况。
[Abstract]:The study of modernization theory has become an important dimension in the study of modern Chinese history. The modernization of Xinjiang, especially in the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, is different from the reform in the direction of modernization of the central and eastern regions, and its own development has a relatively unique development path. By analyzing the development and basic characteristics of traditional agriculture, commerce and handicraft industry in Xinjiang, we can clearly show the economic and social conditions in the early and middle period of Qing government's rule of Xinjiang. The farming industry of Xinjiang, which is full of small peasant economy, the agriculture and animal husbandry run by the government and the people, the self-sufficient family handicraft industry and the commercial organization under the structure of diversified businessmen, became the original motive force for the modernization of the region's economy. It is also an important foundation for the unprecedented prosperity of social economy in Xinjiang, the remarkable achievements, the gradual deepening of industrialization, the rapid development of urbanization, and the improvement of the scale of agriculture, handicraft and commercial production. Since the founding of Xinjiang Province, the germination of economic modernization in Xinjiang has gradually emerged. The traditional economy has laid the groundwork for the beginning of economic modernization in Xinjiang. After several times of destruction, reconstruction, re-destruction, and reconstruction, The vitality of economic development in Xinjiang region has finally been enlivened, showing a unique model of pluralistic economic development guided by economic theory in the process of modernization. It is the decline of the traditional economy after the establishment of the province in Xinjiang. It is the growing development of the pluralistic economic and social structure in the process of modernization. During this period, the policies and measures of Zuo Zongtang and Liu Jintang's construction thought dominated the main thread of Xinjiang's economic modernization development, the craft bureau of product commercialization and technology dissemination, and the early capitalist relations of production emerged in this period. The national bourgeoisie has become an important part of economic and social development in Xinjiang. During the period of the Republic of China, through the unremitting efforts of the national bourgeoisie in the late Qing Dynasty, it gradually developed and strengthened. Yang Zengxin's policy thoughts and Sheng Shi-cai 's governing measures are the most representative. At this time, Xinjiang, whether it is agriculture, machinery industry, foreign trade, or urban economy, shows a prosperous scene that is different from that in the central and eastern regions. It can be said that the germination of modernization in the late Qing Dynasty made an effective foreshadowing for the prosperous development of the Republic of China, showing the interaction between the mainland and Xinjiang, and different from the economic modernization style in the interior, which all decided its unique development situation.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F129

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