产品内贸易对中国产业结构升级的影响

发布时间：2018-07-27 10:16

【摘要】：20世纪70年代以来，产品内贸易以极快的速度发展，产品的生产过程开始分散化而不再集中于特定的国家或地区，这使得各个国家在产品生产的某一环节更加专业化，由此，产品的生产由产业间的国际分工细化到产品内国际分工。于此同时，随着我国不断提高企业参与产品内分工国际的程度，产品内贸易规模不断扩大，参与产品内贸易的商品结构逐渐优化，促进了产业结构的优化升级。但是，在产品内贸易的过程中，我国处于全球价值链的低端，大量进口待加工产品而不是致力于生产高技术含量的产品，减缓了产业结构优化的进程。在研究了国内外相关文献的基础上，本文分别通过理论和实证分析研究了产品内贸易对我国产业结构升级的影响。理论分析显示，产品内贸易对产业结构升级的影响是多方面的。对产业结构升级有促进作用的是产品内贸易过程中产生的技术溢出效应、“干中学”效应、规模经济效应，前两者提高了技术水平，后者提高了生产率。但是由产品内贸易引发的贸易分工格局锁定效应则抑制了产业结构的升级。本文将产品内贸易指数作为衡量我国产品内贸易程度的指标，利用Granger因果检验对产品内贸易影响产业结构升级进行了实证研究。实证研究表明产品内贸易不利于第一产业发展，但是影响不显著。产品内贸易对第二产业水平的提高具有促进作用，但不利于第三产业的发展。从总体上来说，产品内贸易的发展对产业结构升级具有促进作用，即贸易分工格局锁定效应产生的抑制作用小于技术溢出效应、干中学效应、规模经济效应对产品内贸易的促进作用。基于我国产品内贸易的及实证研究的分析，继续完善加工贸易政策，培养产业集群，，增强加工贸易产业的关联程度、推进技术创新均能有效缓解贸易格局效应促进产业结构的优化升级。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, intra-product trade has developed at a very fast rate, and the production process of the product has begun to be decentralized rather than concentrated in a particular country or region, which makes each country more specialized in a certain part of the product production. The production of products is refined from the international division of labor between industries to the international division of labor within products. At the same time, with the continuous improvement of the degree of intra-product division of labor in China, the scale of intra-product trade continues to expand, and the commodity structure of intra-product trade is gradually optimized, which promotes the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. However, in the process of intra-product trade, China is at the low end of the global value chain. A large number of products to be processed are imported instead of devoted to the production of high-tech products, which slows down the process of industrial structure optimization. Based on the study of domestic and foreign literature, this paper studies the impact of intra-product trade on the upgrading of industrial structure in China by theoretical and empirical analysis. Theoretical analysis shows that the impact of intra-product trade on industrial structure upgrading is multifaceted. The technological spillover effect in the process of intra-product trade, the effect of "dry middle school" and the effect of economies of scale have promoted the upgrading of industrial structure. The former two have improved the technical level, and the latter has increased the productivity. However, the locking effect of trade division pattern caused by intra-product trade inhibits the upgrading of industrial structure. In this paper, the intra-product trade index is taken as the index to measure the degree of intra-product trade in China, and the Granger causality test is used to make an empirical study on the impact of intra-product trade on the upgrading of industrial structure. Empirical studies show that intra-product trade is not conducive to the development of the primary industry, but the impact is not significant. Intra-product trade promotes the development of the secondary industry, but it is not conducive to the development of the tertiary industry. On the whole, the development of intra-product trade can promote the upgrading of industrial structure, that is, the restraining effect of the lock-in effect of trade division pattern is smaller than that of technology spillover effect and dry middle school effect. The role of economies of scale in promoting intra-product trade. Based on the analysis of intra-product trade and empirical research in China, we should continue to improve the policy of processing trade, cultivate industrial clusters, and enhance the degree of relevance of processing trade industries. Promoting technological innovation can effectively alleviate the effect of trade pattern and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124;F752

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