生态马克思主义视野下的鄱阳湖生态经济区建设对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 10:20

【摘要】：马克思主义的自然观、实践观、社会观和发展观已经蕴含了较为丰富的生态思想，即所谓的马克思主义生态观。在马克思、恩格斯的观点中，虽然倡导运用技术和工具来实现人类的解放，但更强调人与自然的共生性。他们一方面认为自然界只有在人的实践活动中才能体现价值，另一方面认为人和自然之间存在重要的依存关系，并且这种关系不能脱离社会而存在。受所处历史时代的限制，马克思、恩格斯关于人与自然、社会与自然的论述较为分散，未能形成一定的系统性。随后，西方的马克思主义学者从资本主义生态危机的根源入手，对技术理性进行批判，并于20世纪中叶确立了“生态马克思主义”的概念和方向。在生态马克思主义理论的形成与发展过程中，先后经历了资本主义“利润追求”式生产的批判、“异化消费”的批判、生态运动和“红色绿党”的兴起等发展阶段，在其主流观点上不再与马克思的人本主义相冲突，强调运用辩证的观点来看待和解决生态问题，从而实现人类和自然的利益统一。随着我国经济建设步伐的加快，在局部地区和城市也面临着较为严峻的生态挑战，中国共产党人结合我国的生态形势，对生态马克思主义相关观点进行了发展和提升，开创性地提出了“生态文明”理论，并在中共十八大上正式写入党章。本文结合鄱阳湖生态经济区建设的实际需求，对生态马克思主义理论进行了一定的梳理和总结，并在此基础上解析了生态文明理论的重要观点，试图发掘一些指导湖区实践的理论依据。首先，深入分析了资本主义生产方式的反面教材，认为科学技术本身并不是生态危机的根源，而在于技术的资本主义运用。也就是说，在鄱阳湖经济区的发展过程中要积极、合理、有序地运用先进的科学技术，并通过科技实现有效的生态治理。接下来，总结出“异化消费”的根源解释是生态马克思主义学者普遍认同的另一观点。由此可以看出，要解决好区域的生态、环境问题，需要从生态伦理、生态道德的角度进行教育和宣传，普及“人既不在自然之上也不在自然之外，而在自然之中”的观点。随后，普遍认同红色绿党所倡导的集体政治运动是解决生态问题可行的方式之一。通过在政治制度、法规、公平正义等方面的努力，并配合一定的政治运动，也可在一定程度上缓解生态问题。最后，对我国的生态文明理论进行了解读，认为它是在生态马克思主义之后更加科学、全面、系统的理论指导。在深入分析鄱阳湖生态经济区三年来所取得的巨大成绩和进一步发展空间的基础上，结合生态文明和生态马克思主义理论的观点，对鄱阳湖生态经济区今后一段时间内的发展提出了一些建议。所给出的建议主要涵盖推进低碳发展模式、促进产业的特色与差异性发展、运用科技实现生态保护与治理、促进金融和服务业的规范发展、加大科技人才的培育和聚集力度等几个方面。最后，结合江西省新的发展形势，提出了“湖区与苏区协作联动，经济与生态共同崛起”的设想。即鄱阳湖生态经济区和赣南苏区可以统一发展思路，加大改革开放力度，充分利用生态资源优势发展特色产业，，并实现两个经济区建设的经验互鉴、发展互助的联动式发展模式。总之，只要深刻理解生态马克思主义的理论内涵、贯彻执行党中央的“生态文明”发展路线，一定可将鄱阳湖生态经济区建设成为一个经济发达、人与自然和谐相处、生态文明与社会发展协调统一的生态经济示范区。
[Abstract]:Marx's view of nature, practice, society and development have contained more abundant ecological ideas, that is, the so-called ecological view of Marx. In Marx and Engels's view, although it advocates the use of technology and tools to realize the liberation of human beings, it is stronger in the symbiosis with nature. On the one hand, they think of nature. Only in human practice can the value be reflected, on the other hand, there is an important dependence relationship between man and nature, and this kind of relationship can not exist out of society. By the limitation of the historical times, Marx and Engels's discussion about man and nature, society and nature is more scattered and fails to form a certain systematicness. After that, the western Marx scholars began to criticize the technical reason starting with the root of the capitalist ecological crisis, and established the concept and direction of "ecological Marx doctrine" in the middle of the twentieth Century. In the process of the formation and development of the theory of ecological Marx doctrine, the capitalist "profit pursuit" type production was successively approved. The criticism of "alienated consumption", the ecological movement and the rise of the "Red Green Party" are no longer in conflict with Marx's humanism in its mainstream view, emphasizing the use of Dialectical Views to treat and solve ecological problems, so as to realize the unity of human and natural benefits. With the acceleration of the pace of China's economic construction, Local areas and cities are also faced with more severe ecological challenges. The Chinese Communists have developed and promoted the views of ecological Marx doctrine in combination with the ecological situation of our country, put forward the theory of "ecological civilization", and formally wrote the party chapters on the eighteen main party of the Communist Party of China.
In this paper, based on the actual needs of the construction of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, the theory of ecological Marx doctrine is combed and summarized. On this basis, the important views of the theory of ecological civilization are analyzed, and some theoretical basis for guiding the practice of the lake area is explored. First, the reverse teaching materials of the capitalist mode of production are analyzed deeply. It is believed that science and technology is not the root of the ecological crisis, but the capitalist application of technology. That is to say, in the development process of Poyang Lake Economic Zone, we should actively, rationally, orderly use advanced science and technology, and realize effective ecological governance through science and technology. It can be seen that in order to solve the ecological and environmental problems of the region, it is necessary to educate and propagate the ecological ethics and the ecological ethics, and popularize the view that "people are neither above nature nor outside nature, but in self". Then, the red green party is generally recognized. The collective political movement advocated is one of the feasible ways to solve the ecological problem. Through the efforts of the political system, regulations, fair and justice and so on, and with a certain political movement, it can also alleviate the ecological problems to a certain extent. Finally, the theory of ecological civilization in China has been interpreted in the view that it is after the ecological Marx doctrine. More scientific, comprehensive, and systematic theoretical guidance.
Based on the in-depth analysis of the great achievements and further development space in the Poyang Lake eco economic zone in the past three years, some suggestions on the development of Poyang Lake eco economic zone for a period of time are put forward on the basis of the views of ecological civilization and the theory of ecological Marx doctrine. The suggestions are mainly covered by the development of the low carbon development model. To promote the characteristics and differential development of industry, to use science and technology to realize ecological protection and control, to promote the standardized development of Finance and service industry, to increase the cultivation and aggregation of scientific and technological talents. Finally, combining with the new development situation of Jiangxi Province, the establishment of "cooperation and linkage of the lake area with the Soviet Area and the common rise of economy and ecology" is put forward. That is, the Poyang Lake eco economic zone and the southern Gannan Soviet area can unify the development ideas, strengthen the reform and opening up, make full use of the advantages of the ecological resources to develop the characteristic industries, and realize the mutual experience of the construction of the two economic zones and develop the interactive development mode of mutual assistance. In a word, we should understand the theoretical connotation of the ecological Marx doctrine and carry out the implementation of the model. In line with the "ecological civilization" development route of the Party Central Committee, the Poyang Lake eco economic zone must be built into an eco economic demonstration area with a developed economy, harmonious coexistence between people and nature, and a coordinated and unified ecological civilization with social development.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;F124.5

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