地方政府竞争与资源配置效率

发布时间：2018-09-14 12:55

【摘要】：本文使用1998-2007年中国工业企业数据库和地级市宏观数据考察地方政府竞争对资源配置效率的影响。为此，本文首先比较了4种不同的生产率分解方法，并从中选择了动态OP分解法将资源配置效率从总生产率中分解出来。分解结果表明,尽管各层面总生产率都在持续提高，但中西部地区的资源配置效率的变动从2003开始一直为负，其幅度足以导致全国总资源配置效率降低。此外，2002年以后，相比于非国有企业，国有企业的资源配置效率下降得更快，，特别是中西部地区；而一直不出口企业的配置效率下降则要快于出口企业。接下来,本文参考傅勇和张晏（2007）选取了外资企业的相对税率作为地方政府竞争指标,以考察地方政府竞争对企业资源配置效率的影响。全样本回归表明，地方政府竞争有利于提高资源配置效率。为了寻找地方政府竞争与市场竞争的关系，本文将样本分为高市场化组和低市场化组，并分别进行回归。结果表明，在低市场化组地方政府竞争更强，且对资源配置效率的作用更大；而高市场化组中两者关系不显著。因此，本文认为，中央政府有必要更加细致地在放权和集权中权衡。较为理想的方式是对东部适当收回财权，而对中西部仍以放权和鼓励竞争为主。这样既可以提高资源配置效率，也有利于通过二次分配缩小贫富差距。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of local government competition on the efficiency of resource allocation are investigated by using the database of Chinese industrial enterprises and macro-data of prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2007. Therefore, this paper first compares four different methods of productivity decomposition, and chooses dynamic OP decomposition method to decompose resource allocation efficiency from total productivity. The results of decomposition show that although the total productivity of all levels is increasing continuously, the change of resource allocation efficiency in the central and western regions has been negative since 2003, which is enough to reduce the total resource allocation efficiency of the whole country. In addition, after 2002, compared with the non-state-owned enterprises, the resource allocation efficiency of state-owned enterprises declined more rapidly, especially in the central and western regions, while the allocation efficiency of non-export enterprises declined faster than that of export enterprises. Then, referring to Fu Yong and Zhang Yan (2007), this paper selects the relative tax rate of foreign-funded enterprises as the index of local government competition, in order to investigate the influence of local government competition on the efficiency of enterprise resource allocation. The whole sample regression shows that local government competition is beneficial to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. In order to find out the relationship between local government competition and market competition, the sample is divided into high marketization group and low market-oriented group, and regression is carried out respectively. The results show that the competition of local government is stronger and the effect on resource allocation efficiency is greater in the low marketization group, but the relationship between the two is not significant in the high marketization group. Therefore, it is necessary for the central government to balance decentralization and centralization more carefully. The ideal way is to recover the right to finance in the east, while to give priority to the central and western regions by devolving power and encouraging competition. This can not only improve the efficiency of resource allocation, but also help to narrow the gap between rich and poor through secondary distribution.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D630;F127;F205

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