区际间环境不公平问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-24 06:38

【摘要】：经济飞速发展带来的环境问题,受到学者们的广泛关注,但已有的研究更多是进行生态环境问题的全局分析,即整个人类、整个国家、整个地区遭受了怎样的环境污染,较少地分析不同经济发展水平的国家、地区承受环境负担的不公平及承担环境责任的不公平。环境不公平的研究始于国外,国外关于环境不公平的研究更多关注在有突出种族、民族矛盾的国家及地区,不同群体所遭受的环境风险不同,而且在中国并不存在类似的种族、民族矛盾,与此相比,伴随着中国经济的飞速增长,中国经济发达的东部地区与经济落后的西部地区之间的环境不公平以及包括中国在内的发达国家与发展中国家之间的环境不公平问题更值得关注。因而笔者将本论文的选题最终确定为区际间环境不公平问题的相关研究,论文的研究包括区际间环境不公平现象的分析、区际间环境不公平成因的分析及应对区际间环境不公平的对策分析三部分内容。本文的研究内容共分为八章。第一章是绪论。重点论述论文的选题背景、选题意义、文章采用的方法以及研究难点、可能的创新点和不足。第二章是文献综述。本章首先对公平和环境公平的一般认识进行总结梳理,作为后文分析环境不公平的一个基础和参照物,然后归纳总结了国内外关于环境不公平的表现形式、形成原因及相关研究方法的研究,最后对既有研究做了一个归纳述评并提出了笔者对研究环境不公平问题的框架思考。第三章是中国区际间发展差距与环境负担不公平的现状。本章首先对中国区际间发展差距与环境负担不公平的现状做了直观描述,然后采用泰尔指数,对中国废水负担不公平程度进行刻画,并分解东、中、西部地区区域内和区域间的环境负担不公平状况及三大区域的环境负担不公平对整体环境负担不公平的贡献,最后运用环境不公平指数及绿色贡献系数这两个指标更为具体地分析了中国环境负担不公平。第四章是区际间环境不公平的理论分析及原因解析。这一章包括以下两方面内容：其一,区际间环境不公平的理论分析,包括以下三个层面：不同发展水平的国家、地区对环境恶化造成的影响不同；不同发展水平的国家、地区承受环境恶化的影响不同；获得生态利益的富裕国家、富裕地区没有承担应有的环境保护责任。其二,中国区际间环境不公平的原因解析,一方面基于利益视角对区际间环境不公平的原因做了分析,另一方面基于回归方程的分解方法,实证检验得出结论：发展差距是省际间环境负担不公平的主要原因。第五章是环境规制与区际间环境不公平。这一章主要包括三方面内容：其一,以中国省际面板数据为样本展开的环境规制与环境不平的实证分析,得出结论：提高环境规制水平促进区际间环境不公平；其二,环境规制政策会产生包括环境不公平在内的新的社会不公平,落后国家、地区在治理本地污染时更应该注意这一点：其三,环境治污技术的选择会产生不同的就业效应,末端治理技术促进就业,清洁生产技术削弱就业,虽然清洁生产的治污效果好于末端治理,但落后国家、地区在治理本地污染时不能只关注环境效果,还应该考虑该项技术的就业效应,否则会产生新的不公平。第六章是区际间环境责任分担。本章构建了一个旨在说明环境规制与就业关系的非线性面板门限模型,证明发达地区治理本地环境污染的努力可以促进就业,这样就会减弱发达地区向外污染转移的动机,发达地区越多从事本地污染治理工作,越有利于地区间环境责任的公平分担。第七章是对前面六章的内容进行的归纳总结,列出了本章主要的研究结论,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文可能的创新是：第一,对中国区际间环境负担及环境治理投资不公平现状进行了刻画。选用有代表性的工业污染物,来对比中国各个地区污染负担及污染治理投资的差异程度。第二,采用回归方程的分解方法实证分析了中国省际间环境负担不公平状况的成因。实证分析得出结论：地区间环境负担的不公平,主要是由居民人均收入和废水治理投资这两个指标所衡量的发展差距引致。第三,为发达地区加大治理本地污染从而减少污染转移提供依据。以中国各个省份面板数据为例,采用面板门限回归模型,得出结论：发达地区应该增加本地区环境污染治理的努力,不仅有利于促进本地区的就业,而且有利于实现环境保护及治理责任的地区间公平分担。第四,环境治污技术的选择应考虑就业效应。以中国各省份面板数据为例,通过计量检验得出结论：末端治理对就业产生正向拉动作用,清洁生产对就业有负向挤出作用,发展中国家及发展中国家的落后地区如果急于减少本地环境污染,只关注治污技术的环境效果而不考虑就业效应,短时间内可以实现环境负担差距在国家层面和地区层面缩小,但由此会引发新的社会不公平。
[Abstract]:The environmental problems brought about by the rapid development of economy are widely concerned by scholars, but there are more researches on the global analysis of ecological environment problems, namely, the whole human, the whole country, the whole region has suffered the environmental pollution, Less analysis of countries with different economic development levels is unfair and unfair to environmental burden. The study of environmental injustice begins in foreign countries, and studies on environmental unfair in foreign countries are more concerned about the different environmental risks suffered by different groups in countries and regions with outstanding ethnic and national contradictions, and there are no similar ethnic and national contradictions in China. Compared with this, With the rapid growth of China's economy, the environmental inequities between the eastern region of China's economically developed regions and the economically backward western regions, as well as the environmental inequities between developed and developing countries, including China, are more concerned. Therefore, the author finally determines the relevant research of the inter-regional environmental unfair problem. The research of this paper includes the analysis of the unfair phenomena in inter-district environment, the analysis of the unfair cause of inter-regional environment, and the countermeasures to deal with the unfair competition in inter-regional environment. The contents of this paper are divided into three parts: Chapter One: The introduction focuses on the background of topic selection, the significance of topic selection, the method used in the article, and the research difficulties, possible innovation points and Insufficient. Chapter II is literature In this chapter, the general understanding of equity and environmental equity is summarized, and as a basis and reference for the post-text analysis of the environment inequity, this chapter sums up the expression forms, causes and related research methods about the unfair environment at home and abroad. In the end, we have made a summary of existing research and put forward the framework of the author's research on the unfair problems in the environment The third chapter is that the gap between inter-regional development and the environmental burden of China is unfair. In this chapter, the present situation of China's inter-regional development gap and environmental burden is described in an intuitive way, then the Terre index is used to depict the unfair degree of China's wastewater burden and decompose East In the middle and western regions, the environment burden of the region and region is unfair and the environmental burden of the three big regions is unfair to the overall environmental burden, and finally, the environment unfair index and the green contribution coefficient are applied to analyze the environment burden of China more concretely Fair. Chapter Four is the theoretical analysis and the cause of the inter-regional environmental inequality. This chapter includes the following two aspects: one, the theoretical analysis of the inter-regional environmental inequality, including the following three aspects: the countries with different levels of development, the influence of the region on the environment deterioration; and the influence of countries and regions with different development levels on the environmental degradation Different; well-to-do countries that gain ecological benefits, rich regions do not have the necessary environmental protection On the other hand, on the basis of the analysis of the cause of unfair competition between inter-district environment, on the other hand, based on the decomposition method of regression equation, the empirical test is concluded. Conclusion: The development gap is the main difference between inter-provincial and inter-provincial environmental burden The fifth chapter is the environment regulation and inter-district environment. Fairness. This chapter mainly includes three aspects: Firstly, based on the empirical analysis of environmental regulation and environmental injustice in China's inter-provincial panel data, it is concluded that the improvement of the environmental regulation level promotes the inter-regional environment unfair; Second, environmental regulation policy will produce new social injustice including environment unfair, backward country, the region should pay more attention to the local pollution: Third, the choice of environmental pollution control technology will produce different employment effect, end governance technology promotes Employment and cleaner production technology weaken employment. Although the pollution control effect of cleaner production is good at the end-end treatment, the backward country and the region can not only focus on the environmental effect when dealing with local pollution, but also should take into account the employment effect of the technology, otherwise, there will be no new employment effect. Fair. Chapter 6 is inter-regional environmental responsibility This chapter constructs a non-linear panel threshold model to illustrate the relationship between environmental regulation and employment, which proves that the efforts of the developed areas to control local environmental pollution can promote employment, which will weaken the outward pollution transfer in developed areas. The more motive, the more the developed regions are engaged in the local pollution control work, the more conducive to the fairness of environmental responsibility among the regions Chapter 7 summarizes the contents of the previous six chapters, lists the main research conclusions in this chapter, and carries out the research direction in the future. Prospect. This article can The innovation of energy is: First, it is unfair to China's inter-regional environmental burden and environmental governance investment A representative industrial pollutant is selected to compare the pollution burden and pollution treatment in various regions of China. In the second place, we use the decomposition method of regression equation to analyze the inter-provincial ring of China empirically. An empirical analysis concludes that the inequality of environmental burden in the region is mainly caused by the income per capita income of residents and the investment of waste water treatment. The development gap measured by the standard is caused. Third, local governance is being increased for the developed regions According to the panel data of each province in China, the panel threshold regression model is adopted to conclude that the developed regions should increase the efforts of environmental pollution control in the region, not only conducive to the promotion of employment in the region, but also conducive to the realization of environmental protection. Fair-sharing among areas with responsibility for protection and governance. Fourth The choice of environmental pollution control technology should take into account the effect of employment. According to the panel data of all provinces in China, it is concluded that the end governance has positive pulling effect on employment, the clean production has negative impact on employment, developing countries and developing countries. If it is anxious to reduce the local environmental pollution in the backward area, only attention is paid to the environmental effect of the pollution control technology and the employment effect is not taken into account, and the environmental burden gap can be realized in a short time at the national level and the regional level
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;X32

【参考文献】