中国省际环境全要素生产率及其影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-11-02 11:17

【摘要】：改革开放以来中国经济取得到了快速发展,但与此同时,我国很多环境污染指标在世界排名也显著提高。那么中国的经济增长是否是造成环境污染的原因?经济增长对环境一定是有害的吗?也就是环境库兹涅茨曲线在中国是否存在?围绕着这些问题国内外学者进行了大量有益的探讨。但是很多文献都是利用人均收入和人均排放关系来识别是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。这种方法的缺点是没有认清这两者都是生产过程的产出,是生产过程中的投入导致产出的结果。忽略生产过程中的投入和产出组合的效率变化,只研究两个产出之间的关系会影响传统的环境库兹涅茨曲线检验基础,也妨碍环境效率影响因素的识别。正是循着这个方向,很多学者构建了一个综合的环境绩效指标。通过研究环境绩效指标与人均收入之间的关系来识别是否存在环境库兹涅茨曲线。基于此,本文利用中国30个省份1997-2011年经济增长和污染排放数据,利用考虑环境的数据包络模型研究了环境全要素生产率指数及其分解。研究发现:考虑环境因素的全要素生产率指数年均增长2.94%,环境全要素生产率指数的增长主要来自技术进步指数。影响环境全要素生产率指数的空间面板Tobit回归模型表明,人均收入对环境全要素生产率增长产生正向的作用,这表明经济发展水平越高,经济与环境的协调性越好。人均收入的平方项系数为负,表明环境全要素生产率的库兹涅茨曲线存在。对外开放水平高导致环境全要素生产率的下降。技术进步始终是环境全要素生产率增长的积极原因。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved rapid development, but at the same time, many environmental pollution indicators in China have also improved significantly in the world ranking. So is China's economic growth the cause of environmental pollution? Must economic growth be harmful to the environment? That is, does the environmental Kuznets curve exist in China? Around these problems, scholars at home and abroad have carried out a large number of useful discussions. However, many literatures use the relationship between per capita income and emissions to identify the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. The disadvantage of this method is that it does not recognize that both of them are the output of the production process and the result of the input in the production process. Ignoring the efficiency changes of the input and output combinations in the production process, only studying the relationship between the two outputs will affect the traditional environmental Kuznets curve test basis, but also hinder the identification of environmental efficiency factors. Following this direction, many scholars have constructed a comprehensive environmental performance index. The relationship between environmental performance indicators and per capita income is studied to identify the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. Based on this, using the data of economic growth and pollution emission from 30 provinces in China from 1997 to 2011, the environmental total factor productivity index (TFP) and its decomposition are studied by using the environmental data envelope model. It is found that the total factor productivity index (TFP), which takes environmental factors into account, increases by 2.94 a year, and the growth of TFP comes mainly from the technological progress index. The spatial panel Tobit regression model which affects the index of environmental total factor productivity shows that per capita income has a positive effect on the growth of environmental total factor productivity, which indicates that the higher the level of economic development, the better the coordination between economy and environment. The square coefficient of per capita income is negative, indicating the existence of Kuznets curve of total environmental factor productivity. The high level of opening to the outside world leads to a decline in total environmental factor productivity. Technological progress has always been the positive cause of total environmental factor productivity growth.
【作者单位】：安徽财经大学统计与应用数学学院;中国科学技术大学管理学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“资源环境约束下全要素生产率增长的测度方法拓展与实证分析研究”(编号:14BTJ011);国家社科基金重大项目“大数据与统计学理论的发展研究”(编号:13&ZD148)
【分类号】：X22;F124

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