最低工资标准的就业效应和收入分配效应研究
发布时间：2018-11-09 16:57
【摘要】：最低工资制度一直是在劳动经济学中是富有争议的一个话题。本文是在梳理国内外关于最低工资标准文献的基础之上，应用了计量经济学方法，对我国最低工资标准对就业和收入分配的影响进行了分析。 最低工资制度虽然在各个国家已普遍建立，但对于其上调所产生的经济效应分析仍然是研究的焦点。最低工资标准制定太高虽缩小了收入差距但就业的减少回抵消部分甚至全部抵消其正效应，所以关于最低工资标准的经验研究是十分有必要和重要的。迄今，也有大量关于最低工资标准的经济效应方面的研究，但仍没有达成共识。近年来我国最低工资标准上调的频率有所加快，上调幅度都有所提升，而且我国的劳动力市场还不够完善，市场经济运行机制也与西方国家有较大差异，因此根据我国国情来考察最低工资标准对就业和收入分配产生的影响也显得尤为重要。 本文首先是关于最低工资标准的现状分析，发现从2004年《最低工资规定》出版后最低工资标准上调的频率和幅度都有所提升。而且我国最低工资标准的制定主要考虑了人均可支配收入、人均消费性支出和地区性生产总值，即主要将民生和经济发展等因素纳入最低工资标准调整的参考因素。通过最低工资标准与各指标的比值发现我国的最低工资标准和劳动力价值普遍偏低，最低工资标准并未发挥其保障性和公平性的作用。 然后分别进行就业效应、收入分配效应以及联立模型的实证分析。结果表明我国最低工资标准的就业效应虽为负，，但是就业弹性很小，滞后一期的更加不显著。最低工资标准的收入分配效应则为正，且通过联立模型回归分析发现最低其收入分配的正效应远远大于就业的负效应，表明我国最低工资标准还有进一步提升的空间。 最后本文提出了适当提高最低工资标准以缩小收入差距，并建立以“分地区”为基础，以“分行业“为辅助的最低工资标准分类机制的建议，在此基础上来完善最低工资标准的动态调整机制，将最低工资标准的调整纳入社会平均工资以及地区性生产总值等因素纳入其中。
[Abstract]:The minimum wage system has been a controversial topic in labor economics. On the basis of combing the literature about minimum wage standard at home and abroad, this paper applies econometrics method to analyze the influence of minimum wage standard on employment and income distribution in China. Although the minimum wage system has been widely established in various countries, the economic effect of its increase is still the focus of research. Although the minimum wage is too high to narrow the income gap, the reduction of employment offset some or even all of its positive effects, so the empirical study on the minimum wage standard is very necessary and important. So far, there has been a lot of research on the economic effects of the minimum wage, but there is still no consensus. In recent years, the frequency of the minimum wage increase has been accelerated, and the rate of increase has been increased. Moreover, the labor market in our country is not perfect enough, and the operating mechanism of the market economy is also quite different from that of the western countries. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the influence of minimum wage on employment and income distribution according to our national conditions. This paper first analyzes the current situation of minimum wage, and finds that the frequency and range of minimum wage increase have been increased since the publication of minimum wage stipulation in 2004. Moreover, the formulation of the minimum wage standard in China mainly takes into account the per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure and regional gross domestic product, that is, the factors such as people's livelihood and economic development are taken into account in the adjustment of the minimum wage standard. Through the ratio of minimum wage standard to every index, it is found that the minimum wage standard and labor value in our country are generally low, and the minimum wage standard does not play its role of guarantee and fairness. Then the empirical analysis of employment effect, income distribution effect and simultaneous model is carried out. The results show that the employment effect of minimum wage in China is negative, but the employment elasticity is very small, and the lag period is even less significant. The income distribution effect of minimum wage standard is positive, and the regression analysis of simultaneous model shows that the positive effect of minimum wage distribution is far greater than the negative effect of employment, which indicates that there is room for further improvement of minimum wage standard in China. Finally, this paper puts forward the suggestion of raising the minimum wage appropriately to narrow the income gap, and establishing a classification mechanism of minimum wage based on "regional" and "sub-industry". On this basis, the dynamic adjustment mechanism of minimum wage standard should be perfected, and the adjustment of minimum wage standard should be incorporated into social average wage and regional GDP and other factors.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.2;F124.7
本文编号：2321022
[Abstract]:The minimum wage system has been a controversial topic in labor economics. On the basis of combing the literature about minimum wage standard at home and abroad, this paper applies econometrics method to analyze the influence of minimum wage standard on employment and income distribution in China. Although the minimum wage system has been widely established in various countries, the economic effect of its increase is still the focus of research. Although the minimum wage is too high to narrow the income gap, the reduction of employment offset some or even all of its positive effects, so the empirical study on the minimum wage standard is very necessary and important. So far, there has been a lot of research on the economic effects of the minimum wage, but there is still no consensus. In recent years, the frequency of the minimum wage increase has been accelerated, and the rate of increase has been increased. Moreover, the labor market in our country is not perfect enough, and the operating mechanism of the market economy is also quite different from that of the western countries. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the influence of minimum wage on employment and income distribution according to our national conditions. This paper first analyzes the current situation of minimum wage, and finds that the frequency and range of minimum wage increase have been increased since the publication of minimum wage stipulation in 2004. Moreover, the formulation of the minimum wage standard in China mainly takes into account the per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure and regional gross domestic product, that is, the factors such as people's livelihood and economic development are taken into account in the adjustment of the minimum wage standard. Through the ratio of minimum wage standard to every index, it is found that the minimum wage standard and labor value in our country are generally low, and the minimum wage standard does not play its role of guarantee and fairness. Then the empirical analysis of employment effect, income distribution effect and simultaneous model is carried out. The results show that the employment effect of minimum wage in China is negative, but the employment elasticity is very small, and the lag period is even less significant. The income distribution effect of minimum wage standard is positive, and the regression analysis of simultaneous model shows that the positive effect of minimum wage distribution is far greater than the negative effect of employment, which indicates that there is room for further improvement of minimum wage standard in China. Finally, this paper puts forward the suggestion of raising the minimum wage appropriately to narrow the income gap, and establishing a classification mechanism of minimum wage based on "regional" and "sub-industry". On this basis, the dynamic adjustment mechanism of minimum wage standard should be perfected, and the adjustment of minimum wage standard should be incorporated into social average wage and regional GDP and other factors.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.2;F124.7
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本文编号：2321022
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