外国劳动移民对俄罗斯经济发展的影响分析

发布时间：2018-12-21 10:36

【摘要】：俄罗斯处于世界经济贫富两极之间—积极地参与国际迁移过程。一方面，俄罗斯人为了发展经济积极的迁移到世界各地。另一方面，俄罗斯联邦的领土对亚洲、非洲等发展中国家和不发达国家移民的迁徙也具有足够的吸引力。此外，来自“第三世界”国家的移民把俄罗斯作为临时点或过境区，为了进一步迁移到经济发达的西方国家。在现代全球迁移过程中，俄罗斯成为一个大的东道国主要有两个原因：一是国家的人口密度低，不适合国内经济发展的需要；二是因有一些贫穷的发展中国家由于人口过于稠密而迁移到俄罗斯。外国劳动力迁移对俄罗斯经济发展的影响表现为两个方面。一方面，外国劳动移民对俄罗斯经济的积极影响主要是补充国内劳动力不足；减轻人口危机；在经济持续发展的条件下，合理调整人口和劳动力资源的分配；促进俄国内生产总值的增加；增加了俄罗斯各级政府的税收。另一方面，外国劳动移民对俄罗斯经济的消极影响主要表现为：冲击了俄本土就业市场；带来资金外流；挤占俄罗斯本地公共资源。非法移民规模不断地增加，出现不受控制的商品和服务市场现象，导致地下经济的形成与发展。通过有效地监测外国劳动移民的经济活动，减少非法移民的数量，有效地管理俄罗斯劳动力市场，改革移民政策和完善社会保障政策，，我们认为外国劳动移民迁移到俄罗斯的整体经济效果，应该是积极的，并且是可以提高的。同时俄罗斯的移民问题也可以得到更好的解决。
[Abstract]:Russia is between the rich and the poor in the world economy-actively participating in the international migration process. On the one hand, Russians are actively migrating around the world to develop their economy. On the other hand, the territory of the Russian Federation is attractive enough for migration from developing and underdeveloped countries such as Asia and Africa. Moreover, immigrants from "third world" countries use Russia as a temporary point or transit zone for further migration to economically developed Western countries. In the process of modern global migration, Russia becomes a large host country for two main reasons: first, the population density of the country is low, which is not suitable for the needs of domestic economic development; Second, some poor developing countries have emigrated to Russia because of their overpopulated population. The influence of foreign labor migration on Russia's economic development is shown in two aspects. On the one hand, the positive influence of foreign labor migration on Russian economy is mainly to supplement the shortage of domestic labor force; to alleviate the population crisis; to rationally adjust the distribution of population and labor resources under the condition of sustained economic development; To promote the growth of Russia's gross domestic product; increased taxes at all levels of Russian government. On the other hand, the negative effects of foreign labor migration on the Russian economy are as follows: impact on the local employment market, bring about capital outflow, and drain the Russian local public resources. The scale of illegal immigrants is increasing, and the phenomenon of uncontrolled market of goods and services leads to the formation and development of underground economy. By effectively monitoring the economic activities of foreign labour migrants, reducing the number of illegal immigrants, effectively managing the Russian labour market, reforming immigration policies and perfecting social security policies, We think the overall economic impact of the migration of foreign labor migrants to Russia should be positive and can be improved. At the same time, Russia's immigration problem can also be better solved.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F151.2

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