我国金融发展与居民收入差距关系的实证研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 14:58

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国的金融业取得了长足进步,发展速度举世瞩目。从总量上看,M2与GDP的比值己达到相当的高度；从结构上看,我国建立了由中央银行、商业银行、政策性银行、非银行金融机构和外资金融机构组成的较为现代的金融机构体系。金融是现代经济的核心,金融发展对社会经济发展有多方面、多角度的深入影响。与此同时,随着经济的快速发展,我国人民的收入快速增加,生活水平显著提升,人民的幸福感理应提高。然而,不同群体获得的发展福利差别很大,收入分配的差距不断扩大,出现了两极分化的现象,严重影响社会稳定和经济的健康可持续发展,已经成为社会热点问题。金融作为一种资源配置的方式,对居民收入分配有多途径的影响。从主要方面来看,金融发展和经济增长间存在紧密联系,经济增长的成果分配对居民收入分配也有着直接影响；金融发展中出现的非常规现象,特别是金融危机,对不同群体产生程度不一的影响,也改变了收入分配格局。此外,由于市场的不完美,不同群体获取金融服务的能力存在差别,从金融发展中获取的利益也大不相同,这些都是金融发展对收入分配的影响方式。考虑到城镇和乡村在经济金融发展程度上的差别,本文分别研究了金融发展对城镇内部和乡村内部收入差距的关系问题,试图找出两者之间的关联,并在此基础上尝试提出一些促进金融健康发展和改善居民收入差距状况的政策建议。本文的内容根据这个思路分为以下几部分：第一,叙述了文章的写作背景和写作内容,并对相关的经典文献进行了回顾,按照结论的不同对这些文献的思想进行了分类叙述。第二,对金融发展理论的演进和金融发展影响收入分配的路径进行了总结,在路径方面主要介绍了金融危机路径和经济增长路径。第三,介绍了我国自改革开放以来金融发展的历程和现状,以及我国收入分配差距状况。第四,通过实证检验分别找出金融发展与城镇内部、乡村内部收入差距的关系,在这一部分中首先选取金融发展和收入差距的指标变量以及相关的控制变量,其次对这些变量构建了多元回归模型,进行相关性分析、协整检验和格兰杰因果检验,得到相关结果。第五,根据实证检验的结果,得出现实意义上的结论,并针对这些结论提出一些政策建议。本文的研究中,在金融发展指标的选取方面,不仅选取了金融发展规模的指标,还选择了金融体系效率的指标。通过对大量统计数据的搜寻和处理,获取了1985-2011年相关指标的时序数据。实证的结果表明金融发展水平与城镇居民收入差距和农村居民收入差距都有着长期稳定的协整关系,因此在制定金融发展政策时充分考虑收入分配的因素是非常有意义的。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's financial industry has made considerable progress, the pace of development has attracted worldwide attention. In total, the ratio of M2 to GDP has reached a fairly high level. In terms of structure, China has established a modern financial institution system composed of central bank, commercial bank, policy bank, non-bank financial institution and foreign financial institution. Finance is the core of modern economy. At the same time, with the rapid development of economy, the people's income and living standard are increasing rapidly, so the people's happiness should be improved. However, the development welfare of different groups is very different, the gap of income distribution is widening, and the phenomenon of polarization appears, which seriously affects the social stability and the healthy and sustainable development of economy, and has become a hot social issue. As a way of allocating resources, finance has a multi-way influence on the income distribution of residents. From the main aspects, there is a close relationship between financial development and economic growth, and the distribution of economic growth results has a direct impact on the income distribution of residents. The unconventional phenomena in financial development, especially the financial crisis, have different effects on different groups, and also change the pattern of income distribution. In addition, because the market is imperfect, the ability of different groups to obtain financial services is different, and the benefits from financial development are also very different. These are the ways that financial development affects income distribution. Considering the difference in the degree of economic and financial development between towns and villages, this paper studies the relationship between financial development and the income gap between towns and villages, and tries to find out the relationship between the two. On the basis of this, some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the healthy development of finance and improve the income gap of residents. The content of this paper is divided into the following parts: first, the writing background and content of the article are described, and the relevant classical literature is reviewed, and the ideas of these documents are classified and narrated according to the different conclusions. Secondly, it summarizes the evolution of financial development theory and the path that financial development influences income distribution, and mainly introduces the path of financial crisis and economic growth. Thirdly, it introduces the history and present situation of financial development since reform and opening up, and the income distribution gap in China. Fourth, through the empirical test to find out the relationship between financial development and the income gap in towns and villages. In this part, we first select the index variables of financial development and income gap, as well as the relevant control variables. Secondly, the multivariate regression model of these variables is constructed, and the correlation analysis, cointegration test and Granger causality test are carried out, and the relevant results are obtained. Fifthly, according to the results of empirical test, we draw some practical conclusions, and put forward some policy recommendations for these conclusions. In the research of this paper, not only the index of scale of financial development, but also the index of efficiency of financial system are selected. By searching and processing a large number of statistical data, the time series data of relevant indicators from 1985 to 2011 are obtained. The empirical results show that the financial development level has a long-term stable cointegration relationship with the income gap between urban and rural residents, so it is very meaningful to fully consider the factors of income distribution when formulating the financial development policy.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F832

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