吉林省城乡居民收入分配差距问题研究
发布时间：2019-03-27 10:01
【摘要】：改革开放30多年以来，中国经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就，城镇居民人均可支配收入由1978年的343元增加到2011年的20810元，农村居民人均纯收入由134元增加到6977元，城乡居民收入持续稳步增长。然而，中国的人均收入分配差距却进一步扩大，城乡居民收入比由1978年的2.56：1上升到2008年的3.31：1。这些数据显示，我国经济增长所积累的物质财富在社会各阶层中存在着不合理的分配。收入分配问题既是典型的经济问题，又是关系到国计民生的社会问题。全面深入地研究吉林省城乡居民收入差距问题，对于统筹城乡经济社会协调发展，以及探索东北地区农民增收的可行途径，都具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。 通过对吉林城乡居民收入分配差距的实证分析，得出结果为：2003年到2012年的十年间，吉林省城乡收入绝对差距逐年扩大，相对差距略有缩小，城乡人均收入的比值一直在降低，工资性收入和家庭经营性收入分别是城镇和农村居民收入的最主要来源，财产性收入和转移性收入在城镇、农村居民收入中的比例较小。与沿海发达省份相比，，吉林省城乡居民之间收入的差距更为显著，而且在居民收入构成上有差别，这反映了吉林省经济发展水平不够高，经济总量还不够大的现状。在此基础上，得出关于吉林省城乡居民收入差距扩大的影响因素的分析。本文认为造成吉林省城乡差距持续扩大的因素有以下几方面：二元经济结构因素、经济体制改革因素、政府调控与政策因素、经济发展水平因素和城乡劳动力差异因素，这些因素都造成了吉林省城乡居民收入差距的持续扩大。 根据以上的研究，本文针对居民收入差距的产生原因，提出了对策建议如下：统筹城乡发展，缩小城乡差距；转移改革重心，坚持扩大开放；提供政策支持，完善税制改革；健全社保机制，提高农村社保覆盖率；重视农村教育，实现教育公平。总而言之，中央和我省地方政府都应该着力改变城乡收入不平等的现状，改善农村居民收入状况，缩小消除城乡贫富差别。
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years or so since reform and opening-up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. The per capita disposable income of urban residents has increased from 343yuan in 1978 to 20810 yuan in 2011, and the per capita net income of rural residents has increased from 134yuan to 6977 yuan. The income of urban and rural residents continued to increase steadily. However, China's per capita income distribution gap has widened further, with the income ratio of urban and rural residents rising from 2.56 per cent in 1978 to 3.31 per cent in 2008. These data show that the material wealth accumulated by China's economic growth is unreasonably distributed among all social strata. Income distribution is not only a typical economic problem, but also a social problem related to the national economy and people's livelihood. A thorough study of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is of great theoretical and practical significance for coordinating the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society and exploring feasible ways to increase farmers' income in Northeast China. Through an empirical analysis of the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province, the results are as follows: from 2003 to 2012, the absolute income gap between urban and rural areas in Jilin Province widened year by year, the relative gap narrowed slightly, and the ratio of per capita income between urban and rural areas has been decreasing. Wage income and household operating income are the main sources of income of urban and rural residents respectively. The proportion of property income and transferable income in urban and rural areas is relatively small. Compared with the developed coastal provinces, the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is more significant, and there are differences in the composition of residents' income. This reflects the fact that the level of economic development in Jilin Province is not high enough, and the economic gross is not big enough. On this basis, the analysis of the factors affecting the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. This article thinks that the factors that cause the urban-rural gap of Jilin Province to widen continuously are as follows: dual economic structure factor, economic system reform factor, government regulation and policy factor, economic development level factor and urban-rural labor force difference factor, the economic development level factor and the urban-rural labor force difference factor. These factors have caused the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. According to the above research, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions as follows: to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; to shift the center of reform, to adhere to the expansion of opening up; to provide policy support and perfect the tax system reform; Improve the social security mechanism, improve the coverage rate of rural social security, attach importance to rural education, achieve educational equity. In a word, both the central government and the local governments of our province should make great efforts to change the income inequality between urban and rural areas, improve the income of rural residents and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
本文编号：2448084
[Abstract]:Over the past 30 years or so since reform and opening-up, China's economic development has made remarkable achievements. The per capita disposable income of urban residents has increased from 343yuan in 1978 to 20810 yuan in 2011, and the per capita net income of rural residents has increased from 134yuan to 6977 yuan. The income of urban and rural residents continued to increase steadily. However, China's per capita income distribution gap has widened further, with the income ratio of urban and rural residents rising from 2.56 per cent in 1978 to 3.31 per cent in 2008. These data show that the material wealth accumulated by China's economic growth is unreasonably distributed among all social strata. Income distribution is not only a typical economic problem, but also a social problem related to the national economy and people's livelihood. A thorough study of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is of great theoretical and practical significance for coordinating the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society and exploring feasible ways to increase farmers' income in Northeast China. Through an empirical analysis of the income distribution gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province, the results are as follows: from 2003 to 2012, the absolute income gap between urban and rural areas in Jilin Province widened year by year, the relative gap narrowed slightly, and the ratio of per capita income between urban and rural areas has been decreasing. Wage income and household operating income are the main sources of income of urban and rural residents respectively. The proportion of property income and transferable income in urban and rural areas is relatively small. Compared with the developed coastal provinces, the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province is more significant, and there are differences in the composition of residents' income. This reflects the fact that the level of economic development in Jilin Province is not high enough, and the economic gross is not big enough. On this basis, the analysis of the factors affecting the widening income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. This article thinks that the factors that cause the urban-rural gap of Jilin Province to widen continuously are as follows: dual economic structure factor, economic system reform factor, government regulation and policy factor, economic development level factor and urban-rural labor force difference factor, the economic development level factor and the urban-rural labor force difference factor. These factors have caused the continuous expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents in Jilin Province. According to the above research, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions as follows: to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas; to shift the center of reform, to adhere to the expansion of opening up; to provide policy support and perfect the tax system reform; Improve the social security mechanism, improve the coverage rate of rural social security, attach importance to rural education, achieve educational equity. In a word, both the central government and the local governments of our province should make great efforts to change the income inequality between urban and rural areas, improve the income of rural residents and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7
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