国际贸易、技术进步对中国制造业工资差距的影响研究
发布时间：2019-04-21 18:48
【摘要】：国际贸易的发展为我国带来了先进技术，技术进步改变了各部门劳动生产率，，国内也出现了劳动者工资差距扩大的趋势。本文以制造业为例，对我国劳动者工资差距扩大现象进行探讨。进、出口贸易对制造业工资会产生何种影响？技术进步是提高还是降低了行业工资差距？同时，这些影响存在行业类型的区别吗？为此，本文进行了如下研究： 首先，本文整理了1995-2010年我国制造业行业进出口贸易额、制造业大中型企业创新资本支出、制造业细分行业平均工资等数据，测算了制造业行业工资极值差、行业工资极值比、泰尔指数、基尼系数等工资差距指标，发现制造业行业工资差距在对外开放进程中总体呈扩大趋势，但有所波动，基尼系数和泰尔指数的变化趋势图显示：工资差距增长率在2002年以前呈上升趋势，之后呈下降趋势。 其次，本文参考李世光的综合模型，将国际贸易、技术进步与工资差距放在一个理论模型中进行分析，得出结论如下：技术密集型产品进口及企业创新资本增加均导致我国高技能工人工资上升，低技能工人工资降低，拉大行业工资差距。 第三，本文基于制造业行业面板数据，并按照要素密集度不同将其分为劳动密集型和技术密集型部门，建立静态面板数据模型和动态面板数据模型，分析进口贸易、出口贸易以及技术进步对我国制造业行业间工资差距的影响。实证分析结果表明： （1）进口贸易、技术进步将导致制造业行业对高技能工人需求增加，工资差距拉大；出口贸易则在一定程度上缩小我国制造业行业工资差距。 （2）进口贸易是引起劳动密集型部门工资差距拉大的主要原因；而技术进步是引起技术密集型部门工资差距拉大的主要原因；出口则降低两部门内部的相对工资差距。 （3）企业创新资本的增加在短期中会拉大行业工资差距，但长期来看，会缩小工资差距增长率；企业参与国际贸易的程度与制造业行业工资差距成反比。 最后，针对以上研究内容和结论，本文提出相关政策建议。
[Abstract]:The development of international trade has brought the advanced technology to our country, the technological progress has changed the labor productivity of every department, and there has also been the trend of widening the wage gap of the labourers in our country. Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, this paper probes into the phenomenon of the widening wage gap of our country's labourers. What is the impact of import and export trade on manufacturing wages? Did technological progress increase or reduce the wage gap in the industry? At the same time, do these impacts differ between industry types? Therefore, this paper has carried on the following research: firstly, this article has collated our country manufacturing industry import and export trade volume from 1995 to 2010, manufacturing large and medium-sized enterprises innovation capital expenditure, the manufacturing industry breakdown industry average salary and so on data, and so on. This paper calculates the wage gap index of manufacturing industry, such as extreme wage difference, ratio of industry extreme value, Tyre index, Gini coefficient and so on. It is found that the wage gap in manufacturing industry generally shows an expanding trend in the process of opening to the outside world, but it fluctuates somewhat. Changes in the Gini coefficient and the Terre index show that wage gap growth rates rose before 2002 and then declined. Secondly, referring to Li Shiguang's comprehensive model, this paper analyzes international trade, technological progress and wage gap in a theoretical model. The conclusions are as follows: the import of technology-intensive products and the increase of enterprise innovation capital lead to higher wages of high-skilled workers, lower wages of low-skilled workers, and widen the wage gap in industries. Thirdly, based on the panel data of manufacturing industry, this paper divides it into labor-intensive and technology-intensive sectors according to the different degree of factor intensity, establishes static panel data model and dynamic panel data model, and analyzes import trade. The impact of export trade and technological progress on the wage gap between manufacturing industries in China. The results of empirical analysis show that: (1) the import trade, technological progress will lead to higher demand for high-skilled workers in the manufacturing industry, and the wage gap will widen, while the export trade will reduce the wage gap in China's manufacturing industry to a certain extent. (2) Import trade is the main cause of the widening wage gap in labor-intensive sectors, while technological progress is the main cause of the widening wage gap in technology-intensive sectors, while exports reduce the relative wage gap between the two sectors. (3) the increase of enterprise innovation capital will widen the wage gap in the short term, but in the long run, it will narrow the growth rate of the wage gap, and the degree of enterprises' participation in international trade is inversely proportional to the wage gap in the manufacturing industry. Finally, in view of the above research contents and conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.24;F752;F124.3
本文编号：2462460
[Abstract]:The development of international trade has brought the advanced technology to our country, the technological progress has changed the labor productivity of every department, and there has also been the trend of widening the wage gap of the labourers in our country. Taking the manufacturing industry as an example, this paper probes into the phenomenon of the widening wage gap of our country's labourers. What is the impact of import and export trade on manufacturing wages? Did technological progress increase or reduce the wage gap in the industry? At the same time, do these impacts differ between industry types? Therefore, this paper has carried on the following research: firstly, this article has collated our country manufacturing industry import and export trade volume from 1995 to 2010, manufacturing large and medium-sized enterprises innovation capital expenditure, the manufacturing industry breakdown industry average salary and so on data, and so on. This paper calculates the wage gap index of manufacturing industry, such as extreme wage difference, ratio of industry extreme value, Tyre index, Gini coefficient and so on. It is found that the wage gap in manufacturing industry generally shows an expanding trend in the process of opening to the outside world, but it fluctuates somewhat. Changes in the Gini coefficient and the Terre index show that wage gap growth rates rose before 2002 and then declined. Secondly, referring to Li Shiguang's comprehensive model, this paper analyzes international trade, technological progress and wage gap in a theoretical model. The conclusions are as follows: the import of technology-intensive products and the increase of enterprise innovation capital lead to higher wages of high-skilled workers, lower wages of low-skilled workers, and widen the wage gap in industries. Thirdly, based on the panel data of manufacturing industry, this paper divides it into labor-intensive and technology-intensive sectors according to the different degree of factor intensity, establishes static panel data model and dynamic panel data model, and analyzes import trade. The impact of export trade and technological progress on the wage gap between manufacturing industries in China. The results of empirical analysis show that: (1) the import trade, technological progress will lead to higher demand for high-skilled workers in the manufacturing industry, and the wage gap will widen, while the export trade will reduce the wage gap in China's manufacturing industry to a certain extent. (2) Import trade is the main cause of the widening wage gap in labor-intensive sectors, while technological progress is the main cause of the widening wage gap in technology-intensive sectors, while exports reduce the relative wage gap between the two sectors. (3) the increase of enterprise innovation capital will widen the wage gap in the short term, but in the long run, it will narrow the growth rate of the wage gap, and the degree of enterprises' participation in international trade is inversely proportional to the wage gap in the manufacturing industry. Finally, in view of the above research contents and conclusions, this paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F249.24;F752;F124.3
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