规避我国“中等收入陷阱”风险的财政支出政策研究
发布时间：2019-05-08 20:17
【摘要】：“中等收入陷阱”是指：鲜有中等收入的经济体成功地跻身为高收入国家,这些国家往往陷入了经济增长的停滞期,既无法在工资方面与低收入国家竞争,又无法在尖端技术研制方面与富裕国家竞争。改革开放以来,随着我国经济的迅速发展,人民的生活水平也显著提高,按照世界银行的标准,早在2010年我国就已经迈入中等收入国家的行列,那时的人均GDP达到4000多美元,直接面临着“中等收入陷阱”的问题。2012年我国人均GDP达到了6100美元,从数字意义上看,我国的经济发展没有出现太大问题,而且发展势头良好。实际上,我国在经济发展过程中积累了很多矛盾,比如收入差距过大、贫富分化严重,经济发展模式落后,产业结构不合理等等,这些都会阻碍我国经济的健康、快速和可持续发展,加大落入“中等收入陷阱”的风险,而且这些问题在已经陷入“中等收入陷阱”的拉美和东南亚等国家也出现过,因此我们应该引起高度重视,避免他国历史悲剧的重演。 他国在应对“中等收入陷阱”的过程中,有值得我们借鉴的成功经验,也有引起我们警戒的教训。日本和韩国做的最成功的地方就是转变经济发展战略,他们通过彻底转变经济增长方式、调整产业结构和经济增长动力结构,较好地完成了经济发展战略转变,成功跨越了“中等收入陷阱”,在较短的时间内迈入了高收入国家行列。拉美和东南亚国家在发展经济的同时,没有解决好社会问题,尤其是收入分配问题突出、城乡之间的贫富差距过大,正是这种经济和社会发展的不平衡,导致这些国家陷入“中等收入陷阱”。 财政支出是我国整个财政体制的重要组成部分,是国家机关履行其职能,为社会提供服务所必须的物质基础,也是对社会财富的一次再分配。所以合理调配财政支出的规模和结构对于整个社会经济的发展以及资源的优化配置都会产生重要的影响,正确的财政支出政策能对规避“中等收入陷阱”风险起到重要作用。 财政支出对规避“中等收入陷阱”风险的作用机理是通过政策调整实现的。改革财政支出政策,可以不断提高公共福利水平和社会保障水平,促进社会公平,从而达到缓和各种社会矛盾、摆脱经济发展的各种约束,实现经济的健康快速发展,成功跨越“中等收入陷阱”的目的。无论是促进经济增长的政策目标、缓和社会矛盾的中介目标,还是提高公共福利水平的传导媒介,最终都是围绕跨越“中等收入陷阱”这个目标并为其服务的。 针对我国当前面临的“中等收入陷阱”风险,从财政支出政策的视角,可以从三个方面采取改革措施：一是突出强调社会民生支出,为跨越“中等收入陷阱”提供持续动力和根本保障；二是调整国民收入分配关系,实行“包容性增长”视角下的分配体制；三是积极利用财政的杠杆作用,引导资源优化配置,优化经济结构。
[Abstract]:The "middle-income trap" refers to the fact that few middle-income economies have succeeded in becoming high-income countries, which are often stuck in stagnation in economic growth and are unable to compete with low-income countries in terms of wages, It is also impossible to compete with rich countries in cutting-edge technology development. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's economy, the standard of living of the people has also significantly improved. According to the standards of the World Bank, China has entered the ranks of middle-income countries as early as 2010. At that time, the per capita GDP reached more than 4000 US dollars. In 2012, the per capita GDP of our country reached 6100 US dollars. In the digital sense, China's economic development did not appear too big problems, and the momentum of development is good. In fact, China has accumulated a lot of contradictions in the course of economic development, such as excessive income gap, serious disparity between rich and poor, backward economic development mode, unreasonable industrial structure, and so on, which will hinder the health of our economy. Rapid and sustainable development has increased the risk of falling into the "middle-income trap", and these problems have also emerged in countries such as Latin America and South-East Asia, which are already trapped in the "middle-income trap", so we should attach great importance to it. Avoid a repeat of other countries' historical tragedies. In the course of dealing with the middle-income trap, other countries have some successful experiences that we can draw lessons from, and also some lessons that cause us to be vigilant. The most successful thing Japan and South Korea have done is to change their economic development strategy. By thoroughly changing the mode of economic growth, readjusting the industrial structure and the dynamic structure of economic growth, they have better accomplished the strategic transformation of economic development. Has successfully crossed the "middle-income trap", in a relatively short period of time into the ranks of high-income countries. While developing their economies in Latin America and South-East Asia, the countries of Latin America and Southeast Asia have failed to solve the social problems, especially the outstanding problem of income distribution, and the disparity between the rich and the poor between urban and rural areas is too large, which is precisely the imbalance in economic and social development. Causing these countries to fall into the "middle-income trap". Fiscal expenditure is an important part of the whole financial system of our country. It is the necessary material basis for the state organs to perform their functions and provide services to the society, and it is also a redistribution of social wealth. Therefore, the rational allocation of the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure will have an important impact on the development of the whole social economy and the optimal allocation of resources. The correct fiscal expenditure policy can play an important role in evading the risk of the "middle income trap". The mechanism of fiscal expenditure to evade the risk of "middle-income trap" is realized through policy adjustment. The reform of fiscal expenditure policy can continuously improve the level of public welfare and social security, promote social equity, thereby easing various social contradictions, getting rid of the constraints of economic development, and achieving healthy and rapid economic development. The goal of successfully crossing the "middle-income trap". Whether it is the policy objective of promoting economic growth, the intermediary goal of easing social contradictions, or the transmission medium of improving the level of public welfare, it is ultimately centered around the goal of crossing the "middle-income trap" and serving it. In view of the risk of "middle-income trap" faced by our country at present, from the angle of fiscal expenditure policy, we can take reform measures from three aspects: first, emphasize the social expenditure on people's livelihood; To provide sustained impetus and fundamental security for overcoming the "middle-income trap"; The second is to adjust the distribution relationship of national income and implement the distribution system from the perspective of "inclusive growth", and the third is to make active use of the leverage of finance to guide the optimal allocation of resources and optimize the economic structure.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7
本文编号：2472191
[Abstract]:The "middle-income trap" refers to the fact that few middle-income economies have succeeded in becoming high-income countries, which are often stuck in stagnation in economic growth and are unable to compete with low-income countries in terms of wages, It is also impossible to compete with rich countries in cutting-edge technology development. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's economy, the standard of living of the people has also significantly improved. According to the standards of the World Bank, China has entered the ranks of middle-income countries as early as 2010. At that time, the per capita GDP reached more than 4000 US dollars. In 2012, the per capita GDP of our country reached 6100 US dollars. In the digital sense, China's economic development did not appear too big problems, and the momentum of development is good. In fact, China has accumulated a lot of contradictions in the course of economic development, such as excessive income gap, serious disparity between rich and poor, backward economic development mode, unreasonable industrial structure, and so on, which will hinder the health of our economy. Rapid and sustainable development has increased the risk of falling into the "middle-income trap", and these problems have also emerged in countries such as Latin America and South-East Asia, which are already trapped in the "middle-income trap", so we should attach great importance to it. Avoid a repeat of other countries' historical tragedies. In the course of dealing with the middle-income trap, other countries have some successful experiences that we can draw lessons from, and also some lessons that cause us to be vigilant. The most successful thing Japan and South Korea have done is to change their economic development strategy. By thoroughly changing the mode of economic growth, readjusting the industrial structure and the dynamic structure of economic growth, they have better accomplished the strategic transformation of economic development. Has successfully crossed the "middle-income trap", in a relatively short period of time into the ranks of high-income countries. While developing their economies in Latin America and South-East Asia, the countries of Latin America and Southeast Asia have failed to solve the social problems, especially the outstanding problem of income distribution, and the disparity between the rich and the poor between urban and rural areas is too large, which is precisely the imbalance in economic and social development. Causing these countries to fall into the "middle-income trap". Fiscal expenditure is an important part of the whole financial system of our country. It is the necessary material basis for the state organs to perform their functions and provide services to the society, and it is also a redistribution of social wealth. Therefore, the rational allocation of the scale and structure of fiscal expenditure will have an important impact on the development of the whole social economy and the optimal allocation of resources. The correct fiscal expenditure policy can play an important role in evading the risk of the "middle income trap". The mechanism of fiscal expenditure to evade the risk of "middle-income trap" is realized through policy adjustment. The reform of fiscal expenditure policy can continuously improve the level of public welfare and social security, promote social equity, thereby easing various social contradictions, getting rid of the constraints of economic development, and achieving healthy and rapid economic development. The goal of successfully crossing the "middle-income trap". Whether it is the policy objective of promoting economic growth, the intermediary goal of easing social contradictions, or the transmission medium of improving the level of public welfare, it is ultimately centered around the goal of crossing the "middle-income trap" and serving it. In view of the risk of "middle-income trap" faced by our country at present, from the angle of fiscal expenditure policy, we can take reform measures from three aspects: first, emphasize the social expenditure on people's livelihood; To provide sustained impetus and fundamental security for overcoming the "middle-income trap"; The second is to adjust the distribution relationship of national income and implement the distribution system from the perspective of "inclusive growth", and the third is to make active use of the leverage of finance to guide the optimal allocation of resources and optimize the economic structure.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7
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